Habitat compression and ecosystem shifts as potential links between marine heatwave and record whale entanglements

Habitat compression and ecosystem shifts as potential links between marine heatwave and record whale entanglements
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随着海洋热浪和创纪录的鲸鱼纠缠之间的潜在联系,栖息地压缩和生态系统发生变化

DOI:
10.1038/s41467-019-14215-w
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Saez, Lauren
Saez, Lauren
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Santora, Jarrod A.;Mantua, Nathan J.;Schroeder, Isaac D.;Field, John C.;Hazen, Elliott L.;Bograd, Steven J.;Sydeman, William J.;Wells, Brian K.;Calambokidis, John;Saez, Lauren

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气候变化和气候事件的多变性和强度增加,再加上受保护物种数量的恢复和高度资本化的渔业,正在给渔业管理带来新的挑战。我们研究了前所未有的2014-2016年东北太平洋海洋热浪的社会生态特征,以了解加州中部当前螃蟹渔业中鲸鱼纠缠数量创纪录的潜在原因。我们观察到沿海上升流的栖息地压缩,饲料物种(磷虾和鱼)的可用性的变化,和觅食鲸鱼的岸边分布转移。我们认为,这些生态系统的变化,再加上恢复鲸鱼种群,导致整个海洋热浪的纠缠加剧。2016年,软骨藻酸污染导致加州邓杰内斯螃蟹渔场开放时间出现前所未有的延迟,无意中加剧了鲸鱼和螃蟹渔具之间的空间重叠。我们提出了一个追溯性的纠缠评估,以证明渔民,资源管理者和科学家的合作可以通过开发气候准备渔业方法来减轻未来的纠缠风险,同时支持繁荣的渔业社区。
Climate change and increased variability and intensity of climate events, in combination with recovering protected species populations and highly capitalized fisheries, are posing new challenges for fisheries management. We examine socio-ecological features of the unprecedented 2014–2016 northeast Pacific marine heatwave to understand the potential causes for record numbers of whale entanglements in the central California Current crab fishery. We observed habitat compression of coastal upwelling, changes in availability of forage species (krill and anchovy), and shoreward distribution shift of foraging whales. We propose that these ecosystem changes, combined with recovering whale populations, contributed to the exacerbation of entanglements throughout the marine heatwave. In 2016, domoic acid contamination prompted an unprecedented delay in the opening of California’s Dungeness crab fishery that inadvertently intensified the spatial overlap between whales and crab fishery gear. We present a retroactive assessment of entanglements to demonstrate that cooperation of fishers, resource managers, and scientists could mitigate future entanglement risk by developing climate-ready fisheries approaches, while supporting thriving fishing communities.
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