The Japanese Tax Reform and the Effective Rate of Tax on Japanese Corporate Investments
The Japanese Tax Reform and the Effective Rate of Tax on Japanese Corporate Investments
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日本税制改革和日本企业投资的有效税率
DOI：
10.1086/tpe.3.20061785
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发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Shoven
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Shoven
日本正在改革其国家一级的个人和公司所得税制度。去年，它放弃了庞大的免税储蓄账户体系，并降低了个人边际税率。政府目前正在倡导一项更为激进的提案，该提案沿着在国会获得通过。新提案将大幅降低公司所得税的法定税率，进一步降低个人税率并提高税收门槛，首次对证券资本收益征税，并引入一种增值税。作为一揽子计划，这将是日本税制自1950年以来最重要的变化。本文对日本的所得税制度以及已经制定或提议的变化进行了简要总结。报告还讨论和评估了国内和国际要求改革的压力。最后，本文将探讨日本资本所得税自1980年以来的变化，以及与1986年税制改革后的美国资本所得税的比较。该论文的一个主要发现是，自1980年以来，日本企业资本收入的有效边际税率急剧上升，从大约5%上升到大约32%。这一变化使日本的企业投资边际税率仍略低于美国，这是由于日本税法的变化和日本通货膨胀的实际消除。
Japan is in the midst of reforming its national-level individual and corporation income tax systems. Last year, it abandoned its large system of tax-free savings accounts and lowered individual marginal tax rates. A much more radical proposal is currently being advocated by the government and is well along the way toward passage in the Diet. The new proposal would significantly lower the statutory rate for the corporation income tax, lower individual rates further and increase the tax thresholds, tax capital gains on securities for the first time, and introduce a type of value-added tax. As a package, this would be the most important change in the Japanese tax system since 1950. This paper presents a brief summary of the Japanese income tax system and the changes in it that have been enacted or proposed. It also discusses and evaluates the pressures for reform, both domestic and international. Finally, the paper looks at how the taxation of capital income in Japan has changed since 1980 and how it compares to the U.S. taxation of capital income after our 1986 tax reform. One major finding of the paper is that the effective marginal tax rate on corporate capital income in Japan has increased sharply since 1980, from roughly 5 percent to about 32 percent. This change, which still leaves the marginal taxation on corporate investments somewhat lower in Japan than in the U.S., is due to both changes in the Japanese tax code and the virtual elimination of inflation in Japan.