Watershed Science: Linking Hydrological Science with Sustainable Management of River Basins
Watershed Science: Linking Hydrological Science with Sustainable Management of River Basins
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流域科学：将水文科学与流域可持续管理联系起来
DOI：
10.1007/s11430-020-9723-4
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发表时间：
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通讯作者：
L. Allan James
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
He Chansheng;L. Allan James
在过去的几十年里，已经开发了一些水科学和管理计划，以更好地了解和管理水循环在多个时间和空间尺度上的各种目的，如生态水文学，全球水文学，社会水文学，供应管理，需求管理和综合水资源管理（IWRM）。与此同时，水文研究中的跟踪、绘图、遥感、机器学习和建模技术也取得了迅速进展。尽管有这些计划和进步，全球的水危机正在加剧。缺少的环节是水文研究和水资源管理之间的有效互动，以支持在多个空间尺度上实施联合国可持续发展目标（SDG）。由于流域是水资源管理的自然单元，流域科学提供了弥补这一缺失环节的潜力。本研究首先回顾了水文研究和水资源管理的进展，然后讨论了全球水社区面临的问题和挑战。随后，它描述了流域科学的核心组成部分：（1）水文分析;（2）水运作政策;（3）治理;（4）管理和反馈。该框架考虑到水的供应、水的使用和水质;明确侧重于水循环的储存、通量和质量;通过纳入地球边界框架来界定适当的地方水资源阈值;并确定具体的可采取的水资源管理措施。它为解决当前全球水危机和实现联合国可持续发展目标的现有水资源管理计划提供了一种补充方法。
Over the past decades, a number of water sciences and management programs have been developed to better understand and manage the water cycles at multiple temporal and spatial scales for various purposes, such as ecohydrology, global hydrology, sociohydrology, supply management, demand management, and integrated water resources management (IWRM). At the same time, rapid advancements have also been taking place in tracing, mapping, remote sensing, machine learning, and modelling technologies in hydrological research. Despite those programs and advancements, a water crisis is intensifying globally. The missing link is effective interactions between the hydrological research and water resource management to support implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at multiple spatial scales. Since the watershed is the natural unit for water resources management, watershed science offers the potential to bridge this missing link. This study first reviews the advances in hydrological research and water resources management, and then discusses issues and challenges facing the global water community. Subsequently, it describes the core components of watershed science: (1) hydrological analysis; (2) water-operation policies; (3) governance; (4) management and feedback. The framework takes into account water availability, water uses, and water quality; explicitly focuses on the storage, fluxes, and quality of the hydrological cycle; defines appropriate local water resource thresholds through incorporating the planetary boundary framework; and identifies specific actionable measures for water resources management. It provides a complementary approach to the existing water management programs in addressing the current global water crisis and achieving the UN SDGs.