So overt it's covert: Wildlife coloration in the city
So overt it's covert: Wildlife coloration in the city
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DOI：
10.1093/biosci/biad021
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发表时间：
2023-04
期刊：
影响因子：
10.1
通讯作者：
Samantha E. S. Kreling
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Samantha E. S. Kreling
与新的人与野生动物的相互作用，捕食制度和环境条件，除了往往分散和较小的人口，城市地区目前野生动物与非城市地区相比，改变了自然选择参数和遗传漂变的潜力。鸟类和哺乳动物的羽毛和皮毛颜色是在避免被捕食者或猎物发现、性选择和体温调节之间取得平衡而进化而来的。然而，随着突变率的改变、捕食风险的降低、温度的升高、强烈的遗传漂变以及与人类互动的增加，这些颜色出现的进化背景与城市地区完全不同。由于适应性或中性进化的结果，大多数鸟类或哺乳动物种群中不典型的区域性替代颜色变体或白色或黑色个体可能变得更加频繁。因此，我概念化，在城市地区，显着的颜色形态可能会持续存在，导致区域非典型毛皮着色的频率增加。在这篇文章中，我讨论了显着的颜色变形的潜力，出现和持续在城市哺乳动物和鸟类种群，以及这种持久性的机制，作为改变环境条件和自然选择压力的结果。
With novel human–wildlife interaction, predation regimes, and environmental conditions, in addition to often fragmented and smaller populations, urban areas present wildlife with altered natural selection parameters and genetic drift potential compared with nonurban regions. Plumage and pelage coloration in birds and mammals has evolved as a balance between avoiding detection by predator or prey, sexual selection, and thermoregulation. However, with altered mutation rates, reduced predation risk, increased temperatures, strong genetic drift, and increased interaction with people, the evolutionary contexts in which these colorations arose are radically different from what is present in urban areas. Regionally alternative color morphs or leucistic or melanistic individuals that aren't typical of most avian or mammalian populations may become more frequent as a result of adaptive or neutral evolution. Therefore, I conceptualize that, in urban areas, conspicuous color morphologies may persist, leading to an increase in the frequency of regionally atypical pelage coloration. In the present article, I discuss the potential for conspicuous color morphs to arise and persist in urban mammalian and avian populations, as well as the mechanisms for such persistence, as a result of altered environmental conditions and natural selection pressures.