Gender differences in the intravenous self-administration of mu opiate agonists
Gender differences in the intravenous self-administration of mu opiate agonists
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DOI：
10.1016/s0091-3057(02)01039-0
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发表时间：
2003-02-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Meyer, ER
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cicero, TJ;Aylward, SC;Meyer, ER
在阿片类药物药理学的许多方面都观察到了性别差异，包括其抗伤害活性、区别性刺激特性、身体依赖性的产生及其积极的增强特性。目前的实验旨在严格检验操作性条件反射范式中阿片类药物静脉内（IV）自我给药是否存在性别差异。剂量反应分析和使用“断点”分析确定阿片剂增强特性的强度都进行了检查。我们发现两种μ阿片类激动剂——海洛因和吗啡的静脉自我给药存在显着的性别差异。在标准固定反应比例（FR）下，女性消耗的海洛因和吗啡量明显多于男性，且呈剂量依赖性。此外，女性还表现出比男性更高的断点：女性达到的最高 FR 断点是男性的两倍多，并且与男性相比，女性断点的频率分布显着向右移动。这些数据共同表明，μ阿片受体激动剂可以在比男性更广泛的剂量范围内作为女性的增强剂，并且她们还以每公斤毫克为基础自行施用更多的阿片药物。最后，我们得出的结论是，他们还将在操作性条件反射任务中花费更大的努力来获得阿片类药物的强化。 (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. 保留所有权利。
Gender differences have been observed in a number of aspects of the pharmacology of opiates, including their antinociceptive activity, discriminative stimulus properties, the generation of physical dependence, and their positive reinforcing properties. The current experiments were carried out to rigorously examine whether gender differences exist in the intravenous (IV) self-administration of opiates in an operant conditioning paradigm. Both dose-response analyses and the determination of the strength of the reinforcing properties of opiates using a "breakpoint" analysis were examined. We found strong gender differences in the IV self-administration of two mu opiate agonists-heroin and morphine. At a standard fixed ratio (FR) of responding, females consumed significantly greater amounts of heroin and morphine than did males in a dose-dependent fashion. In addition, females also showed much higher breakpoints than did males: the highest FR breakpoint achieved in females was more than double that observed in males and the frequency distribution of breakpoints was shifted significantly to the right in females when compared to males. These data collectively show that mu opiate agonists may serve as reinforcing agents in females over a broader dose range than males and that they also self-administer considerably more opiates on a milligram per kilogram basis. Finally, we conclude that they will also expend much greater effort in an operant conditioning task to obtain opiate reinforcement. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.