The endocannabinoid system and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): From preclinical findings to innovative therapeutic approaches in clinical settings
The endocannabinoid system and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): From preclinical findings to innovative therapeutic approaches in clinical settings
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DOI：
10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.024
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
9.3
通讯作者：
Campolongo, Patrizia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berardi, Andrea;Schelling, Gustav;Campolongo, Patrizia
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）是一种慢性精神疾病，发生在经历了严重的和危及生命的创伤事件后的个体身上。创伤后记忆学包括记忆过程、情绪、焦虑和觉醒的改变。现在人们一致认为这种疾病是对创伤压力的一种异常适应。旨在发现新的潜在有效治疗方法的药理学研究最近将注意力转向了“所谓的”认知增强剂。这类物质通过调节参与创伤后精神障碍的发展和/或持续的认知过程，可能对改善心理治疗的结果和患者的预后有很大帮助。从这个角度来看，作用于内源性大麻素系统的药物正受到极大的关注，因为它们具有双重能力，一方面调节记忆过程，另一方面减少焦虑和抑郁。本综述的目的是提供一个全面的概述动物和人类研究调查大麻素对记忆过程的影响。首先，我们将简要描述内源性大麻素系统的特点和最常用的学习和记忆动物模型。然后，将分别介绍调查大麻素调节对记忆巩固，检索和消退的影响的研究，并讨论与每种方法相关的潜在益处。在最后一节中，我们将回顾文献数据报告大麻素药物对PTSD患者的有益影响。(C)2016爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric chronic disease developing in individuals after the experience of an intense and life-threatening traumatic event. The post-traumatic symptomatology encompasses alterations in memory processes, mood, anxiety and arousal. There is now consensus in considering the disease as an aberrant adaptation to traumatic stress. Pharmacological research, aimed at the discovery of new potential effective treatments, has lately directed its attention towards the "so-called" cognitive enhancers. This class of substances, by modulating cognitive processes involved in the development and/or persistence of the post-traumatic symptomatology, could be of great help in improving the outcome of psychotherapies and patients' prognosis. In this perspective, drugs acting on the endo-cannabinoid system are receiving great attention due to their dual ability to modulate memory processes on one hand, and to reduce anxiety and depression on the other. The purpose of the present review is to offer a thorough overview of both animal and human studies investigating the effects of cannabinoids on memory processes. First, we will briefly describe the characteristics of the endocannabinoid system and the most commonly used animal models of learning and memory. Then, studies investigating cannabinoid modulatory influences on memory consolidation, retrieval and extinction will be separately presented, and the potential benefits associated with each approach will be discussed. In the final section, we will review literature data reporting beneficial effects of cannabinoid drugs in PTSD patients. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.