RESEARCHING
RESEARCHING
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DOI：
10.1542/peds.60.5.729
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发表时间：
1977-11
期刊：
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Annette Byrne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Annette Byrne
“研究”的私人原因是。. .简单地说：这是获得晋升和声望的最短途径;它使有能力的年轻人摆脱苦差事，并且通常需要付费旅行。对一个组织的人来说，“从事研究”就像一匹马被放出去吃草一样，没有规定的时间或规定的职责。研究的本质是无法确定精确的结果。研究所带来的特权感和特殊地位感也在其土生土长的学术界获得。这解释了荣誉工作在大学里的流行。这也是人们从大学教书，到世界各地参加各种会议的原因之一。动机不是懒惰或愤世嫉俗，也不是对知识的热情。相反，这是一种逃避无聊的普通非工作的愿望。这种逃避并不是来自课堂学习或教学本身，也不是来自企业或政府办公室的行政责任;而是来自过多的人员、纸张、困惑、协商和挫折。研究提供了任何专业的进一步乐趣，也就是说，一个舒适的垄断，“我的主题”的情感保护：一个熟练的研究人员设法拥有一个尽可能接近自己的领域。在一个有利于无限分工的社会里，推广是二流的标志，就像推广是堕落的标志一样。但专业化并不意味着单独监禁。
The private reasons for "researching" are . . . plain: it is the shortest path to promotion and prestige; it frees the able young from drudgery and often entails paid travel. For an organization man to be "put on research" is the same as for a horse to be put out to grass-no stated hours or set duties. The very essence of research is that no precise result can be specified. The sense of privilege and of exceptional status that comes with research also obtains in the academic world to which it is native. It explains the popularity of honors work in colleges. It is a cause of the flight from teaching in universities-and of the many other flights to meetings and conferences across the world. The motive is not laziness or cynicism, any more than it is a passion for knowledge. Rather, it is a desire to escape the boredom of ordinary non-work. The flight is not so much from classroom study or from teaching as such, or from executive responsibility in a business or government office; it is from an excess of people, paper, confusion, conferring, and frustration. Research affords the further pleasure of any specialism, that is, a comfortable monopoly, the emotional protection of "my subject": an adroit researcher manages to have a field as nearly as possible to himself. Society favoring an infinite division of labor, it is the mark of the second-rate to generalize, as it is of the depraved to popularize. But specialism need not mean solitary confinement.