Electrochemical lithiation synthesis of nanoporous materials with superior catalytic and capacitive activity
Electrochemical lithiation synthesis of nanoporous materials with superior catalytic and capacitive activity
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/nmat1709
复制
发表时间：
2006-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
41.2
通讯作者：
Maier, Joachim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu, Yong-Sheng;Guo, Yu-Guo;Maier, Joachim
在过去的二十年里，纳米多孔材料引起了人们极大的技术兴趣，这主要是因为它们的广泛应用：它们被用作催化剂、分子筛、分离器和气体传感器以及电子和电化学设备(1-5)。目前报道的大多数纳米多孔材料的合成方法都集中在模板辅助的自下而上的方法，包括软模板(6-10)(络合剂、表面活性剂、嵌段共聚物等)和硬模板(11，12)(多孔氧化铝、碳纳米管和纳米孔材料)方法。在这里，我们利用锂电池在深放电(13-18)时隐含的机理，将其发展成为一种室温无模板方法，不仅适用于合成过渡金属，而且还适用于合成具有大比表面积和显著纳米孔的金属氧化物，这些金属氧化物具有前所未有的性质。这种自上而下的方法的有效性通过纳米孔铂和RuO2的合成得到了证明，这两种材料都表现出了优异的性能：所制备的铂用作甲醇氧化的电催化剂时表现出优异的性能，而RuO2用作超级电容器电极材料时的性能明显好于以前报道的非水合RuO2的性能。
Nanoporous materials have attracted great technological interest during the past two decades, essentially due to their wide range of applications: they are used as catalysts, molecular sieves, separators and gas sensors as well as for electronic and electrochemical devices(1-5). Most syntheses of nanoporous materials reported so far have focused on template-assisted bottom-up processes, including soft templating(6-10) (chelating agents, surfactants, block copolymers and so on) and hard templating(11,12) ( porous alumina, carbon nanotubes and nanoporous materials) methods. Here, we exploit a mechanism implicitly occurring in lithium batteries at deep discharge(13-18) to develop it into a room-temperature template-free method of wide applicability in the synthesis of not only transition metals but also metal oxides with large surface area and pronounced nanoporosity associated with unprecedented properties. The power of this top-down method is demonstrated by the synthesis of nanoporous Pt and RuO2, both exhibiting superior performance: the Pt prepared shows outstanding properties when used as an electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation, and the RuO2, when used as a supercapacitor electrode material, exhibits a distinctly better performance than that previously reported for non-hydrated RuO2.