Towards a Feminization of agricultural labour in northwest Syria
Towards a Feminization of agricultural labour in northwest Syria
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DOI：
10.1080/03066150412331311139
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Bailey, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abdelali-Martini, M;Goldey, P;Bailey, E
叙利亚西北部农村地区的小块土地是由于继承造成的土地分割的结果。由于人口迅速增长，加上土地分散，这些小农场不断增加，无法维持农村家庭的生活，而农村家庭的规模和需求也在迅速增加。这种情况导致越来越多的配偶移徙到叙利亚城市地区和邻国寻找工作机会。此外，最近的农业集约化趋势似乎已导致出现了一支有工资的劳动力队伍，由于移徙率高，男工不多，现在主要是女工。农业劳动力的使用取决于家庭特点和资源（所使用的劳动力类型、雇佣/交换/家庭劳动力的性别）。本文试图提出一个全面的分析，在叙利亚的一个地区，在最近几十年发生了巨大的变化，独特的农业系统中的家庭劳动力的使用，并探讨了农业劳动力的构成的变化。二手资料，快速农村评估和正式的农场调查被用来收集信息的家庭在一个研究领域，不同的耕作制度共存。结果表明，土地拥有规模的减少、由此产生的男性迁移和土地集约化导致了农业生产中女性劳动力的增加，本研究称之为“农业劳动力女性化”。这表明，农业研究和推广服务必须更多地与女农民和女农工合作，寻求她们的智慧，让她们参与技术和转让。
Smallholdings in the rural areas of northwest Syria are a result of land fragmentation that is due to inheritance. Because of rapid population growth combined with land fragmentation, these smallholdings are increasing and cannot sustain the rural households whose sizes and needs are also increasing rapidly. This situation has led to increasing numbers of mates migrating to urban areas in Syria and to neighbouring countries looking for work opportunities. In addition, recent agricultural intensification trends seem to have led to the emergence of a waged labour force which, in the absence of male workers owing to significant rates of migration, is now predominantly female. Agricultural labour use depends upon household characteristics and resources (type of labour used, gender of labour waged/exchanged/familial). The article attempts to present a comprehensive analysis of household labour use in distinctive farming systems in one region of Syria that has undergone great change in recent decades, and examines the changes in the composition of the agricultural labour force. Secondary information, rapid rural appraisals and formal farm surveys were used to gather information on the households in a study area where different farming systems coexist. The results show that the decrease in landholding size, the resulting male migration, and land intensification have resulted in the expansion of female labour in agricultural production, which has been termed in this research a 'feminization of agricultural labour'. This suggests that agricultural research and extension services will have to work more with women farmers and farm workers, seek their wisdom and involve them in technology and tran, fer This is not easy in conservative societies but requires research and extension institutions to take this reality into consideration in their programmes.