Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) - main concerns and regulatory developments in Europe from an environmental point of view
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) - main concerns and regulatory developments in Europe from an environmental point of view
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DOI：
10.1186/2190-4715-24-16
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Schulte, Christoph
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Vierke, Lena;Staude, Claudia;Schulte, Christoph
全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）是全氟和多氟化学品（PFCs）中调查最多的物质。尽管国际一级已经对全氟辛烷磺酸采取了管制措施（已纳入《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》），但对全氟辛酸却没有开展此类活动。本研究报告概述了全氟辛酸对环境的关切，强调了在国际一级对全氟辛酸采取管制措施的必要性。由于似乎更有可能首先在欧盟内部就法规达成一致，因此本研究讨论了基于欧洲化学品法规REACH（EC No. 1907/2006）的监管策略。PFOA在环境中具有持久性，普遍存在于地表沃茨中，并且易于远距离迁移。它在生物群中积累，特别是在顶级捕食者中。PFOA在食品和饮用水中的分析越来越多。PFOA的固有特性，如持久性（P）、生物累积潜力（B）和毒性（T）表明，PFOA是REACH下确定为高度关注物质（SVHC）的有希望的候选物质。由于PFOA在环境中的分散性，进口产品中的存在，以及PFCs的使用，PFOA可以在各种消费品中降解为PFOA，REACH限制似乎是欧盟最有效的监管措施，以减少人类和环境对PFOA的暴露。由于PFOA的固有特性，PFOA符合REACH PBT标准。下一个监管步骤将是根据REACH将PFOA及其铵盐（APFO）确定为SVHC，并将其添加到REACH候选清单中。作为第二步，将准备一份限制提案，将物质和前体纳入REACH附件XVII。
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) are the most investigated substances of the group of per- and polyfluorinated chemicals (PFCs). Whereas for PFOS regulatory measures are already in force on international level (inclusion in Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants) such activities are missing for PFOA. The environmental concerns of PFOA, which are summarized in the present study, underline the necessity of regulatory measures on an international level for PFOA. Since it seems more likely to agree on a regulation within the European Union first, a regulatory strategy based on the European chemicals regulation REACH (EC No. 1907/2006), is discussed in the present study.PFOA is persistent in the environment, ubiquitous present in surface waters, and subject to long-range transport. It accumulates in biota, especially in top predators. PFOA is increasingly analyzed in food items, and in drinking water. PFOA's intrinsic properties such as its persistency (P), its potential for bioaccumulation (B) and its toxicity (T) suggest that PFOA is a promising candidate for being identified as a Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC) under REACH. Because of the dispersive occurrence of PFOA in the environment, the presence in imported products, and the use of PFCs, which can degrade to PFOA in various consumer products, a restriction under REACH seems to be the most effective regulatory measure to minimize human and environmental exposure to PFOA in the European Union.Due to its intrinsic properties, PFOA fulfills the REACH PBT-criteria. The next regulatory step will be the identification of PFOA and its ammonium salt (APFO) as SVHC according to REACH and the addition to the REACH Candidate List. As a second step, a restriction proposal will be prepared to include both substances and precursors into REACH Annex XVII.