Fine particulate air pollution and mortality in 20 US Cities, 1987-1994.
Fine particulate air pollution and mortality in 20 US Cities, 1987-1994.
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DOI：
10.1056/nejm200012143432401
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发表时间：
2000-12-14
影响因子：
158.5
通讯作者：
Zeger, SL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Samet, JM;Dominici, F;Zeger, SL
背景：在发达国家和发展中国家，城市空气污染与死亡率和发病率的增加有关。虽然这些研究结果有助于导致空气质量标准的收紧，其有效性与公众health.Methods：我们评估了五个主要的室外空气污染物对每日死亡率的影响，在20个最大的城市和大都市地区在美国从1987年至1994年。污染物是空气动力学直径小于10微米的颗粒物（PM10）、臭氧、一氧化碳、二氧化硫和二氧化氮。我们使用了两个阶段的分析方法，汇集数据从多个location.Results：考虑到其他污染物的潜在混杂后，我们发现一致的证据表明，PM（分10）的水平与所有原因的死亡率和心血管和呼吸系统疾病。PM10每增加10 mug/m3，所有原因导致的相对死亡率估计增加0.51%（95%后验区间，0.07%至0.93%）。每立方米PM10水平增加10 mug，心血管和呼吸系统原因导致的相对死亡率估计增加0.68%（95%后验区间，0.20%至1.16%）。有较弱的证据表明，臭氧水平的增加增加了夏季臭氧水平最高时的相对死亡率，但在冬季则不然。其他污染物的水平没有显着相关的死亡率。结论：有一致的证据表明，空气中的细颗粒物的水平与所有原因和心血管和呼吸系统疾病的死亡风险。这些发现加强了控制室外空气中可吸入颗粒物水平的理由。（N Engl J Med 2000;343：1742-9.）(C)2000年，马萨诸塞州医学会。
Background: Air pollution in cities has been linked to increased rates of mortality and morbidity in developed and developing countries. Although these findings have helped lead to a tightening of air-quality standards, their validity with respect to public health has been questioned.Methods: We assessed the effects of five major outdoor-air pollutants on daily mortality rates in 20 of the largest cities and metropolitan areas in the United States from 1987 to 1994. The pollutants were particulate matter that is less than 10 mum in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. We used a two-stage analytic approach that pooled data from multiple locations.Results: After taking into account potential confounding by other pollutants, we found consistent evidence that the level of PM(sub 10) is associated with the rate of death from all causes and from cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses. The estimated increase in the relative rate of death from all causes was 0.51 percent (95 percent posterior interval, 0.07 to 0.93 percent) for each increase in the PM10 level of 10 mug per cubic meter. The estimated increase in the relative rate of death from cardiovascular and respiratory causes was 0.68 percent (95 percent posterior interval, 0.20 to 1.16 percent) for each increase in the PM10 level of 10 mug per cubic meter. There was weaker evidence that increases in ozone levels increased the relative rates of death during the summer, when ozone levels are highest, but not during the winter. Levels of the other pollutants were not significantly related to the mortality rate.Conclusions: There is consistent evidence that the levels of fine particulate matter in the air are associated with the risk of death from all causes and from cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses. These findings strengthen the rationale for controlling the levels of respirable particles in outdoor air. (N Engl J Med 2000;343:1742-9.) (C) 2000, Massachusetts Medical Society.