Organotropic drug delivery: Synthetic nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles
Organotropic drug delivery: Synthetic nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles
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DOI：
10.1007/s10544-019-0396-7
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发表时间：
2019-06-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Wolfram, Joy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Busatto, Sara;Pham, Anthony;Wolfram, Joy
大多数临床批准的药物(主要是小分子或抗体)迅速从循环中清除并在全身分布。因此，只有一小部分剂量累积在目标部位，导致疗效低和不良副作用。因此，新的给药策略是必要的，以增加治疗剂的器官和组织特异性给药。纳米粒为延长药物的循环时间和改善药物的生物分布提供了一种很有前途的方法。然而，纳米颗粒表现出一些局限性，如免疫系统的清除和组织微环境中的扩散受阻。为了克服纳米粒子的普遍局限性，人们提出了各种功能化和靶向策略。这篇综述将讨论合成纳米颗粒和胞外囊泡递送策略，这些策略利用器官特有的特征来增强药物在靶点的积累。
Most clinically approved drugs (primarily small molecules or antibodies) are rapidly cleared from circulation and distribute throughout the body. As a consequence, only a small portion of the dose accumulates at the target site, leading to low efficacy and adverse side effects. Therefore, new delivery strategies are necessary to increase organ and tissue-specific delivery of therapeutic agents. Nanoparticles provide a promising approach for prolonging the circulation time and improving the biodistribution of drugs. However, nanoparticles display several limitations, such as clearance by the immune systems and impaired diffusion in the tissue microenvironment. To overcome common nanoparticle limitations various functionalization and targeting strategies have been proposed. This review will discuss synthetic nanoparticle and extracellular vesicle delivery strategies that exploit organ-specific features to enhance drug accumulation at the target site.