BR-319:: Brazil's manaus-porto velho highway and the potential impact of linking the arc of deforestation to central Amazonia
BR-319:: Brazil's manaus-porto velho highway and the potential impact of linking the arc of deforestation to central Amazonia
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DOI：
10.1007/s00267-005-0295-y
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发表时间：
2006-11-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Lima de Alencastro Graca, Paulo Mauricio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fearnside, Philip M.;Lima de Alencastro Graca, Paulo Mauricio
巴西的 BR-319 高速公路连接亚马逊州的马瑙斯和朗多尼亚的波多韦柳，直到 1988 年无法通行。现在，该公路被提议进行重建和铺路，这将有助于从亚马逊地区南部的“森林砍伐之弧”向更北部的新边境迁移。该高速公路的目的是促进马瑙斯自由贸易区工厂的产品运输到圣保罗，目前，缺乏通往马瑙斯的陆路连接是移民到亚马逊流域中部和北部的一个重大障碍。如果要减轻这些潜在影响，在铺设高速公路之前需要进行各种改变，包括森林砍伐许可和控制计划。还需要放弃巴西向侵犯公共土地的人授予占地者权利的长期传统。以这样的方式组织亚马逊的占领，使道路建设和改善不再导致爆炸性和不受控制的森林砍伐，应该是批准 BR-319 和其他预计会产生重大影响的道路项目的先决条件。 （大规模非法索赔者）建议推迟高速公路的重建，直到做出适当的改变。
Brazil's BR-319 Highway linked Manaus, in the state of Amazonas, to Porto Velho, Rondonia, until it became impassable in 1988. Now it is proposed for reconstruction and paving, which would facilitate migration from the "Arc of Deforestation'' in the southern part of the Amazon region to new frontiers farther north. The purpose of the highway, which is to facilitate transport to Sao Paulo of products from factories in the Manaus Free Trade Zone, would be better served by sending the containers by ship to the port of Santos. The lack of a land connection to Manaus currently represents a significant barrier to migration to central and northern Amazonia. Discourse regarding the highway systematically overestimates the highway's benefits and underestimates its impacts. A variety of changes would be needed prior to paving the highway if these potential impacts are to be attenuated. These include zoning, reserve creation, and increased governance in various forms, including deforestation licensing and control programs. More fundamental changes are also needed, especially the abandonment of the long-standing tradition in Brazil of granting squatters' rights to those who invade public land. Organizing Amazonian occupation in such a way that road construction and improvement cease to lead to explosive and uncontrolled deforestation should be a prerequisite for approval of the BR-319 and other road projects for which major impacts are expected. These projects could provide the impetus that is needed to achieve the transition away from appropriation of public land by both small squatters and by grileiros (large-scale illegal claimants). A delay in reconstructing the highway is advisable until appropriate changes can be effected.