Soil-Borne Entomopathogenic Bacteria and Fungi
Soil-Borne Entomopathogenic Bacteria and Fungi
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-23045-6_2
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Peng;S. Syazwan;L. S. Hua
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Peng;S. Syazwan;L. S. Hua
土壤富含微生物，是获取各类有益微生物的理想环境和重要库。世界各地定期分离土传昆虫病原细菌和真菌，以支持农作物生产者参与永无休止的害虫防治军备竞赛。在这些微生物中，从商业角度来看，昆虫病原细菌及其毒素也是最成功的微生物杀虫剂。它们分为孢子形成和非孢子形成昆虫病原体，其中感染过程在易感昆虫宿主摄入后开始。另一方面，尽管真菌比其他生物和化学产品具有许多优势，但作为天敌的利用相对较少。它们主要属于更大的子囊菌门中的昆虫霉菌纲 (Entomophthoromycetes) 和索道菌纲 (Sordariomycetes)，子囊菌门由大约 65,000 个已描述的物种组成。与细菌相比，真菌的寄主范围更广，特别适合防治刺吸式口器害虫。昆虫病原细菌和真菌可以通过大量施用方法释放，因此在针对多种害虫的综合害虫管理（IPM）中发挥着关键作用。本章对不同类型的土源性昆虫病原细菌和真菌进行了选择性综述，包括其分布、感染机制和宿主范围。
Being rich in microorganisms, the soil is an ideal environment and important reservoir for harvesting various types of beneficial microorganisms. Soil-borne entomopathogenic bacteria and fungi have been regularly isolated around the world to support crop producer in the never-ending arms race of pest management. Among these microorganisms, entomopathogenic bacteria and their toxins are the most successful microbial insecticides also from the commercial point of view. They grouped into spore- and non-spore-forming entomopathogens, in which the infection process starts upon ingestion by the susceptible insect hosts. Fungi, on the other hand, remain relatively underutilized as natural enemies despite their many advantages over other biological and chemical products. They mainly classified under the class of Entomophthoromycetes and Sordariomycetes in the larger Ascomycota division, which consists around 65,000 described species. In comparison to bacteria, fungi have a wider host range and are especially suitable for controlling pests with piercing and sucking mouthparts. Entomopathogenic bacteria and fungi can be released through inundative application methods and therefore play a critical role in integrated pest management (IPM) against several pests. This chapter provides a selective review on the different types of soil-borne entomopathogenic bacteria and fungi, including their distribution, infection mechanisms and host ranges.