Some Fundamental Truths About Tourism: Understanding Tourism's Social and Environmental Impacts
Some Fundamental Truths About Tourism: Understanding Tourism's Social and Environmental Impacts
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关于旅游业的一些基本事实：了解旅游业的社会和环境影响
DOI：
10.1080/09669589309450697
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发表时间：
1993
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
B. Mckercher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Mckercher
摘要 旅游业对其运作所在的社会、文化和自然环境的影响已有充分记录。然而，似乎很少有研究探讨这种影响似乎不可避免的根本原因。本文认为，存在一些关于旅游业的结构性现实或“基本事实”，可以解释为什么无论旅游活动的类型如何都会感受到不利影响。八个这样的真理被检验。它们是： (1) 作为一种工业活动，旅游业消耗资源、产生废物并具有特定的基础设施需求。 (2)作为资源消耗者，具有过度消耗资源的能力。 （3）旅游业作为资源依赖型产业，必须争夺稀缺资源才能保证其生存。 (4) 旅游业是私营部门主导的行业，投资决策主要基于利润最大化。 (5)旅游业是一个多方面的行业，因此几乎不可能控制。 (6)游客是消费者，不...
Abstract Tourism's effects on the social, cultural and physical environments in which it operates are well documented. Yet, it appears that little research has been conducted examining the underlying reasons why such impacts appear to be inevitable. This paper argues that a number of structural realities or ‘fundamental truths’ about tourism exist that explain why adverse impacts are felt, regardless of the type of tourism activity. Eight such truths are examined. They are: (1) As an industrial activity, tourism consumes resources, creates waste and has specific infrastructure needs. (2) As a consumer of resources, it has the ability to over consume resources. (3) Tourism, as a resource dependent industry must compete for scarce resources to ensure its survival. (4) Tourism is a private sector dominated industry, with investment decisions being based predominantly on profit maximisation. (5) Tourism is a multi-faceted industry, and as such, it is almost impossible to control. (6) Tourists are consumers, n...