People or places: What should be the target?
People or places: What should be the target?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jsams.2006.06.021
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发表时间：
2006-10-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Giles-Corti, Billie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Giles-Corti, Billie
在过去的十年中，人们对建筑环境对身体活动的影响越来越感兴趣。政策以及社区和邻里基础设施提供了积极活动的机会，并为偶尔的身体活动提供了便利，例如步行或使用楼梯。理论生态模型为身体活动研究和实践提供了基础，将注意力集中在对行为的多层次影响上（即，个人、社会环境和物理环境）。然而，很少有研究量化了这些相关因素对行为的相对贡献，这让政策制定者和从业者想知道他们的努力目标是什么：人还是地方？本文借鉴了理论，迄今为止的证据和案例研究，认为需要针对人群和场所的综合干预措施来增加身体活动。地点和人的联合影响进行了讨论的背景下，数据显示，步行在推荐的水平的可能性是近8倍（OR 7.84; 95%CI 4.41-13.91）的人与支持性的环境和积极的认知相比，那些低。增加体育活动需要多部门合作伙伴关系和全面的长期多管齐下的干预措施，其中包括短期、中期和长期战略，旨在实现有利于体育活动而不是久坐不动的文化转变，并创造支持性的建筑环境。卫生部门可以通过实施公共教育计划、劳动力发展、建立证据基础和倡导变革来做出贡献。然而，要改善地方的政策和基础设施，卫生以外部门的承诺至关重要。(c)2006年澳大利亚运动医学。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
In the last decade, interest in the impact of the built environment on physical activity has grown. Policies and community and neighbourhood infrastructure provide opportunities to be active, and facilitate incidental physical activity, such as walking for transport or use of stairs. Theoretical ecological models provide a basis for physical activity research and practice, focussing attention on multiple levels of influence on behaviour (i.e., individual, social-environmental and physical environmental). However, few studies have quantified the relative contribution of these correlates on behaviour, leaving policy-makers and practitioners wondering about where to target their efforts: people or places? This paper draws on theory, evidence to date and case studies to argue that comprehensive interventions targeting both people and places are required to increase physical activity. The joint influence of place and people is discussed in the context of data showing that the likelihood of walking at recommended levels is nearly eight times higher (OR 7.84; 95% CI 4.41-13.91) in people with both a supportive environment and positive cognitions compared with those low on both. To increase physical activity requires multi-sector partnerships and comprehensive long-term multi-pronged interventions that include short-, medium- and long-term strategies aimed at bringing about cultural shifts favouring physical activity over sedentary alternatives, and the creation of a supportive built environment. The health sector can contribute by implementing public education programs, workforce development, building the evidence-base and advocating for change. However, to improve policies and infrastructure in places the commitment of sectors outside of health is critical. (c) 2006 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.