Urinary cadmium elimination as a biomarker of exposure for evaluating a cadmium dietary exposure-biokinetics model
Urinary cadmium elimination as a biomarker of exposure for evaluating a cadmium dietary exposure-biokinetics model
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DOI：
10.1080/15287390152103643
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发表时间：
2001-07-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Diamond, GL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Choudhury, H;Harvey, T;Diamond, GL
镉饮食暴露模型（CDEM）利用关于食物镉浓度和食物消费模式的全国调查数据来估计美国人口的饮食摄入量。CDEM与Kjellstrom和Nordberg （KNM）的镉生物动力学模型的修改相关联，以得出反映美国饮食镉摄入量及其相关变异性的肾脏和尿镉预测。膳食镉摄入量的变异性通过KNM使用蒙特卡洛方法进行传播。该模型预测，男性肾镉负荷的平均峰值约为3.5毫克，第5 -95百分位范围为2.2-5.1毫克。男性肾皮质镉浓度峰值为15马克杯/克湿皮质（10- 22,5 -95百分位）。预测女性肾镉水平高于男性：全肾5.1（3.3-7.6）毫克，湿皮质29（19-43）杯/克。预测的男性和女性尿中镉含量与基于NHANES III的经验估计一致，预测和观察到的女性尿中镉含量约为男性的两倍。对女性尿镉排泄量较高的一种解释与NHANES III的数据以及人类和动物的实验研究相一致。与男性相比，再造鱼可能会吸收更多的膳食中摄入的镉，这种差异可能是女性体内铁储量低于男性的结果。这表明女性患镉中毒的风险可能比男性更大。预测的肾镉负荷峰值的第5 -95百分位值约为美国环境保护署（EPA）慢性参考剂量为1杯/公斤-天的慢性摄入量预测的肾镉负荷峰值（8-11毫克）的60%。
The Cadmium Dietary Exposure Model (CDEM) utilizes national survey data on food cadmium concentrations and food consumption patterns to estimate dietary intakes in the U.S. population. The CDEM has been linked to a modification of the cadmium biokinetic model of Kjellstrom and Nordberg (KNM) to derive predictions of kidney and urinary cadmium that reflect U.S. dietary cadmium intake and related variability. Variability in dietary cadmium intake was propagated through the KNM using a Monte Carlo approach. The model predicts a mean peak kidney cadmium burden of approximately 3.5 mg and a 5th-95th percentile range of 2.2-5.1 mg in males. The corresponding peak renal cortex cadmium concentration in males is 15 mug/g wet cortex (10-22, 5th-95th percentile). Predicted kidney cadmium levels in females were higher than males: 5.1 (3.3-7.6) mg total kidney, 29 (19-43) mug/g wet cortex. Predicted urinary cadmium in males and females agreed with empirical estimates based on the NHANES III, with females predicted and observed to excrete approximately twice the amount of cadmium in urine than males. An explanation for the higher urinary cadmium excretion in females is proposed that is consistent with the NHANES III data as well as experimental studies in humans and animals. remakes may absorb a larger fraction of ingested dietary cadmium than males, and this difference may be the result of lower iron body stores in females compared to males. This would suggest that females may be at greater risk of developing cadmium toxicity than males. The predicted 5th-95th percentile values for peak kidney cadmium burden are approximately 60% of the peak kidney burden (8-11 mg) predicted for a chronic intake at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) chronic reference dose of 1 mug/kg-d.