Removing constraints to sustainable food production: new ways to exploit secondary metabolism from companion planting and GM.
Removing constraints to sustainable food production: new ways to exploit secondary metabolism from companion planting and GM.
复制标题
消除可持续粮食生产的限制：利用伴生种植和转基因次生代谢的新方法。
DOI：
10.1002/ps.5508
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Pickett JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pickett JA
农业和园艺食品生产的整个过程是不可持续的，就像目前高度集约的工业体系所实行的那样。对于耕种、化肥生产及其在土壤中的结合来说，能源消耗尤其密集。提供氮气是温室气体N2O的主要来源。所有因虫害、疾病和杂草造成的损失都是已经承诺了碳足迹的食物，因此作物保护变得更加令人担忧。全球对粮食的需求迅速增加，气候变化的影响加剧了相关问题，因此需要新的、可持续的作物保护。可持续性的总体要求是消除季节性投入，因此所有作物保护都需要通过种子或其他种植材料提供。尽管转基因改变了可持续作物保护的前景，但更多的发展对于实现转基因的全部潜力以及消费者的接受度是至关重要的。次生植物新陈代谢通过转基因提供了更广泛、也许更强大的新作物保护，而且由于次生新陈代谢用于植物防御的光合作用水平较低，因此可以在不造成相关产量损失的情况下完成。有毒机制可以继续作为目标，但利用无毒的监管和信号机制应该是最终目标。这些建议面临着许多技术和社会问题，这些问题得到了讨论，但在可持续性方面肯定不可能停留在我们现在的位置。成功的证据越来越多，这里讨论了次生植物新陈代谢带来的技术机会。©2019作者。有害生物管理科学由John Wiley&Sons Ltd代表化学工业协会出版。
The entire process of agricultural and horticultural food production is unsustainable as practiced by current highly intensive industrial systems. Energy consumption is particularly intensive for cultivation, and for fertilizer production and its incorporation into soil. Provision of nitrogen contributes a major source of the greenhouse gas, N2O. All losses due to pests, diseases and weeds are of food for which the carbon footprint has already been committed and so crop protection becomes an even greater concern. The rapidly increasing global need for food and the aggravation of associated problems by the effects of climate change create a need for new and sustainable crop protection. The overall requirement for sustainability is to remove seasonal inputs, and consequently all crop protection will need to be delivered via the seed or other planting material. Although genetic modification (GM) has transformed the prospects of sustainable crop protection, considerably more development is essential for the realisation of the full potential of GM and thereby consumer acceptability. Secondary plant metabolism offers wider and perhaps more robust new crop protection via GM and can be accomplished without associated yield loss because of the low level of photosynthate diverted for plant defence by secondary metabolism. Toxic mechanisms can continue to be targeted but exploiting non‐toxic regulatory and signalling mechanisms should be the ultimate objective. There are many problems facing these proposals, both technical and social, and these are discussed but it is certainly not possible to stay where we are in terms of sustainability. The evidence for success is mounting and the technical opportunities from secondary plant metabolism are discussed here. © 2019 The Authors.Pest Management Sciencepublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.