Loneliness and Schizotypy Are Distinct Constructs, Separate from General Psychopathology
Loneliness and Schizotypy Are Distinct Constructs, Separate from General Psychopathology
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01018
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发表时间：
2016-07-07
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Badcock, David R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Badcock, Johanna C.;Barkus, Emma;Badcock, David R.
孤独症在年轻人中很常见，与心理障碍的风险显著增加有关。虽然孤独与精神病密切相关，但其与精神病倾向的关系尚不清楚。我们在这篇论文中的目的是检验这一假设，即孤独和典型特征，传达精神分裂症谱系障碍的风险，是相似但独立的结构。汇集来自两个非临床学生样本（N = 551）的数据，我们模拟了孤独感和特质相似性之间关系的结构。孤独用加州大学洛杉矶孤独量表（UCLA-3）进行评估，而阴性（社交快感缺失）和阳性（知觉偏差）的精神分裂型特质用威斯康星州精神分裂型量表-简明（WSS-B）进行评估。拟合统计表明，UCLA-3评分的最佳拟合模型包括三个相关因素（孤立，相关连接和集体连接），与以前的报告一致。阳性和阴性异型性的双因素模型的拟合统计量非常好。接下来，双因素分析被用来模拟一个一般的精神病理因素（p）在三个孤独的因素和分离的消极和积极的孤独症特征。结果表明，所有项目（除1）共同加载的p。然而，与p的影响删除，额外的方差仍然在单独的子因素，表明孤独和消极和积极的特质的人格是不同的和可分离的结构。同样，一旦与p的共享方差被删除，孤独感的子因素和典型特征之间的相关性不显着。这些发现具有重要的临床意义，因为它们表明，孤独不应该混淆与表达的autootypy。相反，孤独需要专门针对有精神病风险的青年进行评估和治疗。
Loneliness is common in youth and associated with a significantly increased risk of psychological disorders. Although loneliness is strongly associated with psychosis, its relationship with psychosis proneness is unclear. Our aim in this paper was to test the hypothesis that loneliness and schizotypal traits, conveying risk for schizophrenia spectrum disorders, are similar but separate constructs. Pooling data from two non-clinical student samples (N = 551) we modeled the structure of the relationship between loneliness and trait schizotypy. Loneliness was assessed with the University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (UCLA-3), whilst negative (Social Anhedonia) and positive (Perceptual Aberrations) schizotypal traits were assessed with the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales-Brief (WSS-B). Fit statistics indicated that the best fitting model of UCLA-3 scores comprises three correlated factors (Isolation, Related Connectedness, and Collective Connectedness), consistent with previous reports. Fit statistics for a two factor model of positive and negative schizotypy were excellent. Next, bi-factor analysis was used to model a general psychopatholgy factor (p) across the three loneliness factors and separate negative and positive schizotypy traits. The results showed that all items (except 1) co-loaded on p. However, with the influence of p removed, additional variance remained within separate sub-factors, indicating that loneliness and negative and positive trait schizotypy are distinct and separable constructs. Similarly, once shared variance with p was removed, correlations between sub-factors of loneliness and schizotypal traits were non-significant. These findings have important clinical implications since they suggest that loneliness should not be conflated with the expression of schizotypy. Rather, loneliness needs to be specifically targeted for assessment and treatment in youth at risk for psychosis.