Specialized ecological interactions and plant species rarity: The role of pollinators and mycorrhizal fungi across multiple spatial scales
Specialized ecological interactions and plant species rarity: The role of pollinators and mycorrhizal fungi across multiple spatial scales
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2013.11.027
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
R. Phillips;R. Peakall;M. Hutchinson;C. Linde;Tingbao Xu;K. Dixon;S. Hopper
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Phillips;R. Peakall;M. Hutchinson;C. Linde;Tingbao Xu;K. Dixon;S. Hopper
了解种群持续和形成的限制对稀有物种的保护至关重要。参与专门的生态相互作用可能通过限制适宜栖息地的可用性或降低繁殖力来限制物种的分布和丰度。在一项包含三种常见物种和六种稀有物种的龙葵科（龙葵科）研究中，我们测试了菌根特异性和传粉者可用性是否与多个空间尺度上的内在稀有性有关，以及常见物种和稀有物种的生态是否始终不同。alldrakaea与同样广泛分布的tulasnella物种形成了菌根关联，表明稀有性不是由菌根相互作用产生的。龙蜂是通过九蜂的性欺骗来授粉的。在该属地理范围内的约300个地点进行的实验显示，每个物种主要由一种兰花特异性黄蜂授粉，传粉者专业化程度极高。在六个稀有物种中，只有两个在兰花的范围之外被检测到传粉者。在生境斑块尺度上，珍稀兰花的传粉者出现在较少的适宜兰花生境斑块上。传粉率在普通种和稀有种之间无显著差异。然而，传粉率在小种群中最高，这表明传粉媒介介导的稀有性可能是通过传粉媒介的斑块分布而不是在小种群中不频繁的花粉传递而产生的。在六种稀有物种中，有五种有证据表明，专门的授粉系统正在导致稀有，这表明保护计划必须优先考虑传粉媒介的生态需求。
Understanding the limitations to persistence and formation of populations is critical to the conservation of rare species. Engaging in specialized ecological interactions may constrain a species’ distribution and abundance through limiting the availability of suitable habitat or reducing fecundity. In a generic-wide study ofDrakaea(Orchidaceae), containing three common and six rare species, we tested if mycorrhizal specificity and pollinator availability is associated with intrinsic rarity across multiple spatial scales and if the ecology of common and rare species consistently differs. AllDrakaeaformed a mycorrhizal association with the same widely distributed species ofTulasnella, demonstrating that rarity does not arise from the mycorrhizal interaction.Drakaeaare pollinated by sexual deception of thynnine wasps. Experiments at >300 sites across the geographic range of the genus revealed extreme pollinator specialization, with each species primarily pollinated by a single orchid-specific wasp species. In only two of the six rare species was the pollinator detected beyond the range of the orchid. At the scale of habitat patches, the pollinator of rare orchids occurred in fewer patches of otherwise suitable orchid habitat. Pollination rate was not significantly different between common and rare species. However, pollination rate was highest in small populations suggesting that pollinator-mediated rarity is likely to arise through patchy distribution of pollinators rather than infrequent pollen transfer in small populations. In five of the six rare species there was evidence that a specialized pollination system is contributing to rarity, demonstrating that conservation programs must prioritize the ecological requirements of pollinators.