Lonely traits and concomitant physiological processes: the MacArthur social neuroscience studies
Lonely traits and concomitant physiological processes: the MacArthur social neuroscience studies
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DOI：
10.1016/s0167-8760(99)00049-5
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发表时间：
2000-03-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Berntson, GG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cacioppo, JT;Ernst, JM;Berntson, GG
孤独是一种复杂的感觉，包括对未满足的亲密和社会需求的反应。虽然对一些人来说是短暂的，但对另一些人来说，孤独可能是一种慢性状态。先前的研究表明，孤独是心理障碍和广泛的发病率和死亡率的主要风险因素。我们研究了孤独和社会嵌入个体之间的差异，这些差异可能解释健康结果的差异。令人满意的社会关系与更积极的人生观、更安全的依恋和与他人的互动、面对急性心理挑战时更多的自主激活以及更有效的恢复行为有关。长期孤独的个体的特征是一天中平均唾液皮质醇水平升高，这表明促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素的释放更多，下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质醇轴的激活程度升高。一项对孤独感的实验进一步表明，人们在与周围其他人的关系中表现自我的方式对他们的自我概念有着强大的影响，可能还影响他们的生理。(C)2000 Elsevier Science B. V.保留所有权利。
Loneliness is a complex set of feelings encompassing reactions to unfulfilled intimate and social needs. Although transient for some individuals, loneliness can be a chronic state for others. Prior research has shown that loneliness is a major risk factor for psychological disturbances and for broad-based morbidity and mortality. We examined differences between lonely and socially embedded individuals that might explain differences in health outcomes. Satisfying social relationships were associated with more positive outlooks on life, more secure attachments and interactions with others, more autonomic activation when confronting acute psychological challenges, and more efficient restorative behaviors. Individuals who were chronically lonely were characterized by elevated mean salivary cortisol levels across the course of a day, suggesting more discharges of corticotropin-releasing hormone and elevated activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocorticol axis. An experimental manipulation of loneliness further suggested that the way in which people construe their self in relation to others around them has powerful effects on their self concept and, possibly, on their physiology. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.