Anthropometry and breast cancer
Anthropometry and breast cancer
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/127.5.924s
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发表时间：
1997-05-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Ziegler, RG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ziegler, RG
近年来，关于身体大小和形状与乳腺癌风险之间关系的研究结果相对一致。成人身高是乳腺癌风险的预测指标，即使在没有能量或营养缺乏证据的人群中也是如此。已经观察到与肥胖症的复杂关系。主要模式是随着肥胖率的增加而增加风险，但来自乳腺癌发病率高的国家的年轻绝经前女性除外，在这些女性中注意到了负相关性。当成年人的体重作为一个动态的测量，而不是一个恒定的评估，在乳腺癌诊断前几年的超重似乎特别关键，与乳腺癌诊断时的肥胖与复发概率增加和生存时间减少的大量证据相一致。成年体重增加一直预测老年绝经后妇女乳腺癌的风险增加，即使在一些研究中，成年肥胖与风险仅弱相关。在几项研究中，腹部脂肪沉积增加或中心性肥胖的妇女绝经后（尽管不一定是绝经前）患乳腺癌的风险也增加，与成年肥胖无关。这些模式表明，导致积极能量平衡的生活方式与这种疾病的病因有关，能量摄入和体力活动可能特别有影响。解释体型和乳腺癌风险之间关系的激素和代谢机制尚未得到充分理解，值得进一步研究。
Relatively consistent findings about the relationships between body size and shape and breast cancer risk have been emerging in recent years. Adult height is predictive of breast cancer risk, even in populations with no evidence of energy or nutrient deficiency. A complex relationship with adiposity has been observed. The dominant pattern is increasing risk with increasing adiposity except in younger, premenopausal women from countries with high breast cancer rates, in whom an inverse association is noted. When adult weight is evaluated as a dynamic measurement rather than a constant one, excess weight in the years preceeding breast cancer diagnosis seems especially critical, consistent with the substantial evidence that adiposity at the time of breast cancer diagnosis is associated with an increased probability of recurrence and a decreased survival time. Adult weight gain has consistently predicted increased risk of breast cancer in older, postmenopausal women, even in some studies in which adult adiposity was only weakly associated with risk. In several studies, women with increased abdominal fat deposition, or central adiposity, also had an elevated risk of postmenopausal, though not necessarily premenopausal, breast cancer, independent of their adult adiposity. These patterns suggest that lifestyles leading to a positive energy balance are involved in the etiology of this disease and that energy intake and physical activity may be especially influential. The hormonal and metabolic mechanisms that account for these relationships between body size and shape and breast cancer risk are not adequately understood and merit further study.