A method for the taphonomic assessment of bone tools using 3D surface texture analysis of bone microtopography
A method for the taphonomic assessment of bone tools using 3D surface texture analysis of bone microtopography
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DOI：
10.1007/s12520-020-01195-y
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发表时间：
2020-10
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Naomi L. Martisius;Shannon J. P. McPherron;E. Schulz-Kornas;M. Soressi;T. Steele
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Naomi L. Martisius;Shannon J. P. McPherron;E. Schulz-Kornas;M. Soressi;T. Steele
越来越多的研究人员采用共聚焦显微镜和3D表面纹理分析来评估骨表面的变化，以了解古代的行为。然而，表面的考古骨工具和实验制造和使用的骨头之间的定量比较复杂的埋藏过程影响古骨。尽管如此，可以合理地假设，相同沉积物中的骨骼发生了类似的变化，因此这些变化是可以量化的。在这里，我们展示了如何未加工的骨头可以用来量化的骨表面上的taphonomic效果，以及如何控制这种效果，然后将其纳入到一个分析，以评估修改后的表面声称的骨工具。为了评估旧石器时代中期考古沉积物的基线埋藏学与类型学鉴定的骨文物，specificallylissoirs，我们直接比较古代和现代未加工的肋骨的表面纹理。然后，我们比较了古代未加工的肋骨和lissoirs，以评估他们的差异，并预测古代文物的原始表面状态，使用多层次多变量贝叶斯模型。我们的研究结果表明，五个测试的表面纹理参数（Sa，Spc，和IsT）是有用的区分表面类型。我们的模型预测表明，lissoirstend是不那么粗糙，有更多的圆形表面峰，并表现出更多的定向表面。这些特征可能是由于人为的修改，并会在沉积更加明显。量化埋藏学改变使我们更接近于准确评估古代骨制品是如何制造和使用的。
Increasingly researchers have employed confocal microscopy and 3D surface texture analysis to assess bone surface modifications in an effort to understand ancient behavior. However, quantitative comparisons between the surfaces of purported archaeological bone tools and experimentally manufactured and used bones are complicated by taphonomic processes affecting ancient bone. Nonetheless, it may be reasonable to assume that bones within the same deposits are altered similarly and thus these alterations are quantifiable. Here we show how unworked bones can be used to quantify the taphonomic effect on bone surfaces and how this effect can then be controlled for and incorporated into an analysis for evaluating the modified surfaces of purported bone tools. To assess the baseline taphonomy of Middle Paleolithic archaeological deposits associated with typologically identified bone artifacts, specificallylissoirs, we directly compare the surface textures of ancient and modern unworked ribs. We then compare the ancient unworked ribs andlissoirsto assess their differences and predict the ancient artifacts’ original surface state using a multilevel multivariate Bayesian model. Our findings demonstrate that three of five tested surface texture parameters (Sa,Spc, andIsT) are useful for distinguishing surface type. Our model predictions show thatlissoirstend to be less rough, have more rounded surface peaks, and exhibit more directionally oriented surfaces. These characteristics are likely due to anthropogenic modifications and would have been more pronounced at deposition. Quantifying taphonomic alterations moves us one step closer to accurately assessing how bone artifacts were made and used in the ancient past.