Pavlovian conditioning of opioid and nonopioid pain inhibitory mechanisms in humans
Pavlovian conditioning of opioid and nonopioid pain inhibitory mechanisms in humans
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DOI：
10.1016/s1090-3801(02)00043-5
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Mucha, RF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Flor, H;Birbaumer, N;Mucha, RF
学习过程，如应答或巴甫洛夫条件反射被认为在慢性疼痛的发展中起着重要作用，然而，迄今为止尚未在人类中评估它们对疼痛抑制的影响。本研究的目的是证明人类应激镇痛的巴甫洛夫条件反射及其阿片介导作用。在一个经典条件反射范式中，两种不同的听觉刺激作为条件刺激，心算加白色噪声作为非条件刺激。在四次条件试验之后，在两个测试日以双盲方式应用纳洛酮或安慰剂。痛阈和痛耐受均表现为条件性应激镇痛。纳洛酮对痛耐量有影响，而对痛阈无影响。这项研究的数据表明，应激镇痛可以在人类的条件反射，它至少部分是由内源性阿片系统介导的。学习过程也影响人类的疼痛抑制过程，这种影响可能在慢性疼痛的发展中发挥作用。(C)2002年，国际疼痛研究协会欧洲分会联合会。由爱思唯尔科技有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Learning processes such as respondent or Pavlovian conditioning are believed to play an important role in the development of chronic pain, however, their influence on the inhibition of pain has so far not been assessed in humans. The purpose of this study was the demonstration of Pavlovian conditioning of stress-induced analgesia in humans and the determination of its opioid mediation, In a differential classical conditioning paradigm two different auditory stimuli served as conditioned stimuli and mental arithmetic plus white noise as unconditioned stimulus. Subsequent to four conditioning trials naloxone or placebo was applied in a double-blind fashion on two test days. Both pain threshold and pain tolerance showed conditioned stress-induced analgesia. Pain tolerance was affected by naloxone whereas pain threshold was not. The data of this study show that stress analgesia can be conditioned in humans and that it is at least partially mediated by the endogenous opioid system. Learning processes also influence pain inhibitory processes in humans and this effect might play a role in the development of chronic pain. (C) 2002 European Federation of Chapters of the International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.