Flea-borne rickettsioses: Ecologic considerations
Flea-borne rickettsioses: Ecologic considerations
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DOI：
10.3201/eid0303.970308
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发表时间：
1997-07-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Troyer, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Azad, AF;Radulovic, S;Troyer, JM
在过去20年中，疾病和经济因素以及人类行为的变化导致了新的传染病的出现和现有但被遗忘的传染病的重新出现。跳蚤传播的疾病生物体（例如，鼠疫耶尔森菌、伤寒立克次体、R. felis和Bartonella henselae）广泛分布于世界各地的地方病fool中，其中存在地方病循环的组分。然而，由于环境和人类行为的改变，媒介-宿主生态发生了变化，蚤媒疾病可能以流行病的形式重新出现。过去30年来，加州南部和德克萨斯州鼠斑疹伤寒生态的变化是城市和郊区扩张影响传染病爆发的一个很好的例子。在这些区域，典型的鼠-蚤-鼠循环的R。伤寒已经被一种围居期动物循环所取代，例如，自由放养的猫狗负鼠和它们身上的跳蚤除了鼠斑疹伤寒循环的媒介-宿主成分外，我们还发现了第二种斑疹伤寒样立克次体，R。猫该病原体是从一名住院发热患者的血液和负鼠及其跳蚤中鉴定出来的。本文综述了该菌的生态学研究进展。typhi和R.并提供了有关媒介生物学、免疫学、分子特征和蚤传立克次体病发生学的最新数据。
Ecologic and economic factors, as well as changes in human behavior, have resulted in the emergence of new and the reemergence of existing but forgotten infectious diseases during the past 20 years. Flea-borne disease organisms (e.g., Yersinia pestis, Rickettsia typhi, R. felis, and Bartonella henselae) are widely distributed throughout the world in endemic-disease fool, where components of the enzootic cycle are present. However, flea-borne diseases could reemerge in epidemic form because of changes in vector-host ecology due to environmental and human behavior modification. The changing ecology of murine typhus in southern California and Texas over the past 30 years is a good example of urban and suburban expansion affecting infectious disease outbreaks. In these areas, the classic rat-flea-rat cycle of R. typhi has been replaced by a peridomestic animal cycle involving, e.g., free-ranging cats, dogs, and opossums and their fleas. In addition to the vector-host components of the murine typhus cycle, we have uncovered a second typhuslike rickettsia, R. felis. This agent was identified from the blood of a hospitalized febrile patient and from opossums and their fleas. We reviewed the ecology of R. typhi and R. felis and present recent data relevant to the vector biology, immunology, and molecular characterization and phylogeny of flea-borne rickettsioses.