Impact of agricultural emission reductions on fine-particulate matter and public health
Impact of agricultural emission reductions on fine-particulate matter and public health
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-17-12813-2017
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发表时间：
2017-10-27
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Lelieveld, Jos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pozzer, Andrea;Tsimpidi, Alexandra P.;Lelieveld, Jos
一个全球化学-气候模型被用来研究农业排放的污染物对细颗粒物（PM2.5）的影响，重点是欧洲、北美、东亚和南亚。模拟表明，通过减少农业排放，特别是化肥使用和畜牧业释放的氨（NH3），可以实现PM2.5水平的相对大幅降低。东亚地区对PM2.5减少的绝对影响最大，即使排放量减少幅度很小。相反，在欧洲和北美上空，气溶胶的形成不会立即受到氨气的限制。然而，NH3的减少也可以大幅降低后一区域的PM2.5浓度，特别是在系统减少排放的情况下。我们的研究结果证明，由于气溶胶铵的耗竭，农业排放的减少如何降低气溶胶pH值，从而影响颗粒液相和非均相化学。此外，研究表明，减少50%的农业排放可以防止全球每年约25万人因空气污染而死亡，相当于比北美、欧洲、东亚和南亚分别减少30%、19%、8%和3%。理论上减少100%甚至可以使全球每年的死亡人数减少约80万人。
A global chemistry-climate model has been used to study the impacts of pollutants released by agriculture on fine-particulate matter (PM2.5), with a focus on Europe, North America, East and South Asia. Simulations reveal that a relatively strong reduction in PM2.5 levels can be achieved by decreasing agricultural emissions, notably of ammonia (NH3) released from fertilizer use and animal husbandry. The absolute impact on PM2.5 reduction is strongest in East Asia, even for small emission decreases. Conversely, over Europe and North America, aerosol formation is not immediately limited by the availability of ammonia. Nevertheless, reduction of NH3 can also substantially decrease PM2.5 concentrations over the latter regions, especially when emissions are abated systematically. Our results document how reduction of agricultural emissions decreases aerosol pH due to the depletion of aerosol ammonium, which affects particle liquid phase and heterogeneous chemistry. Further, it is shown that a 50% reduction of agricultural emissions could prevent the mortality attributable to air pollution by similar to 250000 people yr(-1) worldwide, amounting to reductions of 30, 19, 8 and 3% over North America, Europe, East and South Asia, respectively. A theoretical 100% reduction could even reduce the number of deaths globally by about 800 000 per year.