Disentangling the structure and function of mycoplankton communities in the context of marine environmental heterogeneity
Disentangling the structure and function of mycoplankton communities in the context of marine environmental heterogeneity
复制标题
解开海洋环境异质性背景下浮游菌群落的结构和功能
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142635
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Wang G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sen K.;Bai M.;Sen B.;Wang G.
浮游菌是海洋环境中种类繁多、普遍存在的组成部分，在海洋生物地球化学循环中发挥着重要作用。到目前为止，它们的丰度、结构和功能对空间环境异质性的影响模式仍然知之甚少。基于对多个标记物的计算机模拟和实验评价，我们采用ITS1区域确定了不同海洋环境下浮游真菌群落的组成、行会和代谢潜力。河口（SB1和SB2）和沿海（DB1和DB2）站点的营养状况是决定其丰度的主要因素，而不是海洋（OS）站点。子囊真菌主要分布在河口和沿海地区，担子真菌主要分布在海洋地区。与其他位点相比，游动孢子真菌在SB1和DB2位点相对丰富。核心真菌（cystobasidium,Phlebia,Rhodotorula,Trichoderma,Alternaria,Penicillium,Malassezia, aspergillus）的相对丰度在不同地点差异很大。此外，还鉴定了每个地点特有的几种真菌属。DB2站点真菌丰富度最低，而OS站点真菌丰富度最高。相反，OS位点的多样性和均匀性最低，而SB1位点的多样性和均匀性最高。温度、pH和叶绿素a与空间多样性格局密切相关。在指定的11个行当中，有一些行当未被检测到，包括DB2中的植物病原菌-腐殖菌、OS中的植物内生病原菌、SB1中的动物病原菌以及DB1和SB2中的真菌寄生虫。在核心功能——氨基酸、碳水化合物和能量、脂肪酸和脂质、氮、硫和其他化合物的代谢中，有几种途径显示出空间差异。总的来说，这项研究不仅拓宽了海洋浮游真菌的分类和代谢库，而且还首次提供了它们是如何受地点尺度环境异质性影响的证据。
Mycoplankton are a diverse and ubiquitous component of marine environments with a suggested role in ocean biogeochemical cycling. Thus far, the patterns of their abundance, structure, and function against spatial environmental heterogeneity remains poorly understood. Based on in silico and experimental evaluation of multiple markers, we adopted the ITS1 region to determine the composition, guilds, and metabolic potential of mycoplankton communities in contrasting marine environments. The trophic status of estuarine (SB1 and SB2) and coastal (DB1 and DB2) sites, but not oceanic (OS) site, was the major factor that determined their abundances. While ascomycetous fungi dominated the estuarine and coastal sites, basidiomycetous fungi were found to dominate the oceanic site. The zoosporic fungi were relatively more abundant in SB1 and DB2 sites compared to the other sites. The relative abundances of the core fungi, namelyCystobasidium,Phlebia,Rhodotorula,Trichoderma,Alternaria,Penicillium,Malassezia, andAspergillusvaried widely across the sites. Additionally, several fungal genera unique to each site were also identified. DB2 site exhibited the lowest fungal richness while the OS site the highest. Conversely, the diversity and evenness were the lowest for the OS site but highest for the SB1 site. Temperature, pH, and chlorophyll-awere strongly associated with spatial diversity patterns. Of the 11 assigned guilds, some guilds particularly were not detected, including plant pathogen-wood saprotroph in DB2, the endophyte-plant pathogen in OS, the animal pathogen in SB1, and fungal parasite in DB1 and SB2. Within core functions—metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates and energy, fatty acids and lipids, nitrogen, sulfur, and other compounds—several pathways showed spatial variations. Overall, this study not just broadens the taxonomic and metabolic repertoire of marine mycoplankton but also provides the first evidence of how these are shaped by site-scale environmental heterogeneity.