The creation of Lubaland: missionary science and Christian literacy in the making of the Luba Katanga in Belgian Congo
The creation of Lubaland: missionary science and Christian literacy in the making of the Luba Katanga in Belgian Congo
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卢巴兰的创建：比属刚果卢巴加丹加的传教科学和基督教素养
DOI：
10.1080/17531055.2016.1254923
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Maxwell D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maxwell D
这篇文章考察了传教士社会科学研究和新教基督教素养在比利时殖民地刚果的卢巴加丹加族形成中的作用。虽然殖民前的卢巴身份是多元和多变的，但那些位于政体中心地带的人分享了一种体现在丰富物质文化中的神圣王权的政治审美，这被邻近社区效仿为复杂和文明的标志。在比利时殖民主义下，卢巴族认同的规模和多样性受到间接统治、劳动力迁移和建立种族分类法的限制。在后一种情况下，通过在人种学、语言学、收藏和摄影方面的传教工作，创造了新的鲁巴语类别，这些类别成为生产白话经文和其他基督教文本的语言区的基础。散居海外的前奴隶和年轻的基督教男性热心人士本着基层普世主义的精神，通过由传教站和学校组成的基础设施，传播了圣经识字，在劳工移民中具有巨大的吸引力。传教士协会采用了便携的循环式印刷技术，对这一进程提供了帮助。文章最后考察了当地知识分子Jason Sendwe和Bonaventure Makonga试图将种族社区变成政治选区时，卢巴文化项目是如何成为政治项目的。这篇文章修正了本尼迪克特·安德森的一篇有影响力的论文，他认为现代时期出现的较少的世俗印刷语言是民族意识的基础，强调了传教士为传教目的而生产的神圣方言的激增。
This article examines the role of missionary social scientific research and Protestant Christian literacy in the making of the Luba Katanga ethnicity in colonial Belgian Congo. While pre-colonial Luba identity was plural and fluid, those located in the polity’s heartlands shared a political aesthetic of divine kingship embodied in a rich material culture, which was emulated by neighbouring communities as marker of sophistication and civilisation. Under Belgian colonialism the scale and variety of Luba ethnic identity was limited by indirect rule, labour migration and the creation ethnic taxonomies. In the latter case, new categories of Luba were created by missionary work in ethnography, linguistics, collecting and photography, and these became the basis of linguistic zones for the production of vernacular scriptures and other Christian texts. Biblical literacy was spread by re-gathered ex-slave diaspora and young male Christian enthusiasts via an infrastructure of mission stations and schools in a spirit of grass roots ecumenism and had great appeal amongst labour migrants. The process was aided by the adoption of portable cyclostyled print technology by missionary societies. The article finishes by examining how the Luba cultural project became a political one as local intellectuals, Jason Sendwe and Bonaventure Makonga, sought to turn ethnic communities into political constituencies. The article modifies Benedict Anderson’s influential thesis about the emergence of fewer secular print languages in the modern period as the basis for national consciousness, by highlighting the proliferation of missionary produced sacred vernaculars for the purpose of proselytism.
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