Phylogenetic and environmental effects on limb bone structure in gorillas
Phylogenetic and environmental effects on limb bone structure in gorillas
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系统发育和环境对大猩猩四肢骨结构的影响
DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.23437
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
McFarlin, Shannon C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ruff, Christopher B.;Burgess, M. Loring;Junno, Juho‐Antti;Mudakikwa, Antoine;Zollikofer, Christophe P. E.;Ponce de León, Marcia S.;McFarlin, Shannon C.
目的通过对现存大猩猩成体和个体发育样本的比较，评估系统发育和运动行为对长骨结构比例的影响。材料与方法本研究共收集281只野生大猩猩，分为4组，它们在分类学和生态学上存在差异：西部低地大猩猩(G.G.Gorilla)、低地和高原格劳尔大猩猩(G.B.graueri)和维龙加山地大猩猩(G.B.beringei)。测量主要长骨(除腓骨外)的长度和关节宽度，并用计算机断层扫描确定骨干横断面的几何特性。未成熟标本(n= )的年龄是根据牙齿发育已知或估计的。结果成人的后肢与前肢的比例随行为/生态差异而变化，而不是随着系统发育的差异而变化。树栖较多的西部低地和低地格劳尔大猩猩的前肢相对较强，而较陆生的维龙加山地大猩猩的前肢相对较强，而行为中等的高地格劳尔大猩猩的前肢比例中等。幼年婴儿的骨干力量比例相似，但在西部低地大猩猩和山地大猩猩2岁后出现差异，同时运动行为发生变化。成年大猩猩和未成熟个体在长度和关节比例上没有差异。结论大猩猩的长骨骨干强度比例是发育可塑性的，反映了行为，而长度和关节比例更具遗传性。这些发现对解释化石类群之间的形态差异具有重要意义。
ObjectivesThe effects of phylogeny and locomotor behavior on long bone structural proportions are assessed through comparisons between adult and ontogenetic samples of extant gorillas.Materials and MethodsA total of 281 wild‐collected individuals were included in the study, divided into four groups that vary taxonomically and ecologically: western lowland gorillas (G. g. gorilla), lowland and highland grauer gorillas(G. b. graueri), and Virunga mountain gorillas (G. b. beringei). Lengths and articular breadths of the major long bones (except the fibula) were measured, and diaphyseal cross‐sectional geometric properties determined using computed tomography. Ages of immature specimens (n= 145) were known or estimated from dental development. Differences between groups in hind limb to forelimb proportions were assessed in both adults and during development.ResultsDiaphyseal strength proportions among adults vary in parallel with behavioral/ecological differences, and not phylogeny. The more arboreal western lowland and lowland grauer gorillas have relatively stronger forelimbs than the more terrestrial Virunga mountain gorillas, while the behaviorally intermediate highland grauer gorillas have intermediate proportions. Diaphyseal strength proportions are similar in young infants but diverge after 2 years of age in western lowland and mountain gorillas, at the same time that changes in locomotor behavior occur. There are no differences between groups in length or articular proportions among either adults or immature individuals.ConclusionLong bone diaphyseal strength proportions in gorillas are developmentally plastic, reflecting behavior, while length and articular proportions are much more genetically canalized. These findings have implications for interpreting morphological variation among fossil taxa.