Empathic Perspective-Taking and Ethical Decision-Making in Engineering Ethics Education
Empathic Perspective-Taking and Ethical Decision-Making in Engineering Ethics Education
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-45193-0_13
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Brightman, Andrew O.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hess, Justin L.;Beever, Jonathan;Brightman, Andrew O.
工程领域的道德决策尚未得到广泛研究，尽管有越来越多的证据支持这样一种观点，即道德决策的失误会导致组织文化的变化和灾难，进而对大量利益相关者产生负面影响。我们在本文中提出的道德决策框架建立在移情作为核心的概念，虽然本身并不足够，道德决策过程。我们建立在工程以外的工作上的同情在伦理推理中的作用，沿着工程中的同情的新兴模型，借鉴哲学，社会心理学，神经科学和工程教育领域的文献。我们首先讨论什么是共情，以及共情如何在一般情况下告知道德决策，特别关注共情的认知形式或我们所说的共情观点采择。接下来，我们将探讨工程师在道德挑战性情况下可能会同情地思考和行动的方法。最后，我们探讨了一系列的工程背景和案例，突出的作用，共情发挥在未来的道德上合理的决定，在特定的情况下。我们的结论与建议，工程伦理教育工作者需要开发有效的工具，开发和评估共情的观点采择，以促进工程实践中的道德决策。
Ethical decision-making within engineering has not been broadly studied, although there is a growing body of evidence supporting the view that missteps in ethical decision-making result in changes in organizational culture and in disasters which in turn negatively impact a broad number of stakeholders. The ethical decision-making framework we propose in this paper builds on the notion of empathy as central, although not sufficient in of itself, to the ethical decision-making process. We build on work outside of engineering on the role of empathy in ethical reasoning along with an emerging model of empathy within engineering, drawing on literature in the fields of philosophy, social psychology, neuroscience, and engineering education. We first discuss what empathy is and how empathy informs ethical decision-making in general, with a specific focus on the cognitive form of empathy or what we call empathic perspective-taking. Next we explore methods through which engineers might empathically think and act in ethically challenging situations. Finally, we explore a range of engineering contexts and cases that highlight the role empathy plays in coming to an ethically justifiable decision in specific contexts. We conclude with the suggestion that engineering ethics educators need to develop effective tools for developing and assessing empathic perspective-taking to promote ethical decision-making within the practice of engineering.