Developmental changes in attention: the effects of endogenous cueing and of distractors
Developmental changes in attention: the effects of endogenous cueing and of distractors
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DOI：
10.1111/1467-7687.00166
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发表时间：
2001-05-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Lewis, TL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goldberg, MC;Maurer, D;Lewis, TL
我们使用两个反应时任务，以检查年龄差异的能力，使用内源性线索转移注意力隐蔽和忽略干扰。在实验1中，8岁，10岁和成年人（n = 24每个年龄）被要求按下按钮，只要他们发现一个目标，提出了在一个线索，miscooked或non-cooked周边位置在100，400或800 ms后出现的中央线索。在实验2中，10岁的儿童和成人（n = 24每个年龄）被要求指出两个形状中的哪一个出现在外围400英寸后，中央线索，这些形状周围的兼容或不兼容的干扰。与以前的研究不同，这些数据被修正了反应时间偏差，这可能会夸大暗示的明显效果。总体而言，儿童比成年人反应更慢，变化更大。然而，在两个实验中，线索的影响没有年龄差异：在所有年龄段，正确的线索同样会增加反应速度，而不正确的线索同样会减慢反应速度。因此，在这些条件下，使用内源性cites来隐蔽地定向到外围的能力在8-10岁时已经像成人一样，尽管随后可能会发生反应一致性的变化。在实验2中，10岁的孩子比成年人更慢不兼容的干扰。因此，即使到了10岁，忽略分散注意力的信息的能力也不像成年人。研究结果表明，在内源性引用后转移注意力的能力和过滤无关信息的能力的发展速度不同。
We used two reaction time tasks to examine age differences in the ability to use an endogenous cue to shift attention covertly and to ignore distractors. In Experiment 1, 8-year-olds, 10-year-olds and adults (n = 24 per age) were asked to push a button as soon as they detected a target that was presented in a cued, miscued or non-cued peripheral location at 100, 400 or 800 ms after the appearance of a central cue. In Experiment 2, 10-year-olds and adults (n = 24 per age) were asked to indicate which of two shapes appeared in the periphery 400 ins after a central cue, with those shapes surrounded by compatible or incompatible distractors. Unlike previous studies, the data were corrected for a reaction time bias that can inflate the apparent effect of cueing. Children were slower and more variable than adults overall. However, there were no age differences in the effects of the cues in either experiment: at all ages, the speed of responding was increased similarly by correct cueing and slowed similarly by incorrect cueing. Thus, under these conditions, the ability to use endogenous cites to orient covertly to the periphery is already adult-like by 8-10 years of age, although there may be subsequent changes in the consistency of responding. In Experiment 2, 10-year-olds were slowed more than adults by incompatible distractors. Thus, the ability to ignore distracting information is not adult-like even by 10 years of age. The findings suggest different rates of development for the ability to shift attention following an endogenous cite and for the ability to filter out irrelevant information.