Data analysis and display
Data analysis and display
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数据分析与展示
DOI：
10.1007/978-94-009-3081-0_3
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发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Grimm
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Grimm
在本世纪上半叶，理解植被的参照系是在没有干扰的情况下发展起来的稳定或持续的植物群落--顶峰，它只依赖于气候。生态学家认识到，这种稳定的群落很少实现。大多数社区处于不同的演替阶段，但被认为正在走向高潮。因此，至少有一位生态学家知道植被的去向，即使它不在那里。这个模型的一个基本假设是气候的恒定性。最近人们认识到气候总是在变化，这大大降低了这个概念模型对于理解植被的价值(Davis，1986)。今天生长的植被是一个系统对在不同时间和空间尺度上运行的过程作出反应的瞬时状态。人口正在扩张、收缩和迁移，通常速度很慢，但有时很快。种群的这些变化是了解植被的关键，并受到历史事件的强烈影响。对于解释群落的重要动态性质，如(1)群落是否处于平衡或不平衡，(2)群落是否恒定、稳定和持久，以及(3)群落的组成和多样性是由局部、区域还是全球过程决定的(Grimm，1984；Chesson和Case，1986；Rickleff，1987)，历史视角是至关重要的。
During the first half of this century, the frame of reference for understanding vegetation was a stable or constant plant community — the climax — which developed in the absence of disturbance and which was dependent upon only climate. Ecologists recognized that such stable communities were seldom achieved. Most communities were in various successional stages, which nevertheless were thought to be trending towards the climax. So at least an ecologist knew where the vegetation was going even if it was not there. An underlying assumption of this model was constancy of climate. The more recent realization that climate is always changing greatly diminishes the value of this conceptual model for understanding vegetation (Davis, 1986). Vegetation as it grows today is the instantaneous state of a system responding to processes operating on various time and space scales. Populations are expanding, contracting, and migrating, often slowly, but at times rapidly. These changes in populations are key for understanding vegetation and are strongly influenced by historical events. A historical perspective is critical for interpreting such important dynamical properties of communities as (1) whether communities are in equilibrium or disequilibrium, (2) whether they are constant, stable, and persistent, and (3) whether their composition and diversity are determined by local, regional, or global processes (Grimm, 1984; Chesson and Case, 1986; Ricklefs, 1987).