A neuronal morphologic type unique to humans and great apes
A neuronal morphologic type unique to humans and great apes
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.96.9.5268
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发表时间：
1999-04-27
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Hof, PR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nimchinsky, EA;Gilissen, E;Hof, PR
我们报告的存在和分布的一种不寻常的类型的投射神经元，一个大的，纺锤形的细胞，在Vb层的前扣带皮层的pongids和人科动物。这些梭形细胞在任何其他灵长类动物物种或任何其他哺乳动物类群中都没有观察到，它们的体积与脑体积残留相关，这是高等灵长类动物脑化的一种测量方法。当考虑灵长类新皮层进化时，这些观察结果特别有趣，因为它们揭示了在过去的1500万至2000万年中前扣带皮层可能的适应性变化和功能修改，该区域在自主功能和某些认知过程的许多方面的调节中起着重要作用。在人类中，这些独特的神经元先前已被证明在阿尔茨海默病的退行性过程中受到严重影响，这表明在与年龄相关的痴呆疾病过程中发生在人类大脑中的一些差异神经元易感性可能只是最近才出现在灵长类动物进化过程中。
We report the existence and distribution of an unusual type of projection neuron, a large, spindle-shaped cell, in layer Vb of the anterior cingulate cortex of pongids and hominids. These spindle cells were not observed in any other primate species or any other mammalian taxa, and their volume was correlated with brain volume residuals, a measure of encephalization in higher primates. These observations are of particular interest when considering primate neocortical evolution, as they reveal possible adaptive changes and functional modifications over the last 15-20 million years in the anterior cingulate cortex, a region that plays a major role in the regulation of many aspects of autonomic function and of certain cognitive processes. That in humans these unique neurons have been shown previously to be severely affected in the degenerative process of Alzheimer's disease suggests that some of the differential neuronal susceptibility that occurs in the human brain in the course of age-related dementing illnesses may have appeared only recently during primate evolution.