Colony and population genetic structure of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, in Japan
Colony and population genetic structure of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, in Japan
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01938.x
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发表时间：
2003-10-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Grace, JK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Vargo, EL;Husseneder, C;Grace, JK
地下白蚁的繁殖系统具有不同寻常的可塑性。由于它们隐秘的觅食和筑巢习惯，关于群体中繁殖个体的数量和类型的详细信息很难获得。在本研究中，我们使用微卫星标记来推断台湾地下白蚁（Coptotermes formosanus）在日本南部繁殖系统的主要特征，该白蚁被认为是从中国引进的。从相隔100公里的两个岛屿（九州岛和福岛）共取样了30个种群。每个群体的20个工蜂在6个微卫星位点进行基因分型。蜂群内工蜂基因型分析表明，27个（90%）蜂群为简单（孟德尔）家族。剩下的三个殖民地，都来自九州，符合大家族的特征，从简单的家庭开始，但目前由原始国王和王后后裔的多个新生儿（二级）繁殖后代领导。两个种群中来自简单家庭的工蚁均具有显著的近亲繁殖（九州的F-IT = 0.10，福岛的F-IT = 0.46），并且与其巢内配偶高度相关（亲缘系数，九州的r = 0.59，福岛的r = 0.77），这表明许多简单家庭的种群由亲缘关系密切的生殖体领导，特别是在福岛种群中。基于从工蜂后代推断的基因型，这一结论得到了简单家族群体中雌鸟繁殖体之间的高亲缘系数（r = 0.23，九州和福岛分别为0.61）的支持。两个居群之间存在中等程度的遗传分化（F-ST = 0.12），表明它们之间的基因流动相当有限。蜂群之间没有明显的距离隔离，这可能是由于人类频繁移动蜂群而造成的，因为繁殖动物的分散有限。最后，没有证据表明最近出现了瓶颈，这一发现可能与该物种在日本300多年的历史相一致。
Subterranean termites have unusual plasticity in their breeding systems. As a result of their cryptic foraging and nesting habits, detailed information on the numbers and types of reproductive individuals in colonies has been difficult to obtain. In this study, we used microsatellite markers to infer the major features of the breeding system of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, in southern Japan, where it is believed to have been introduced from China. A total of 30 colonies was sampled from two islands (Kyushu and Fukue) located 100 km apart. Twenty workers from each colony were genotyped at six microsatellite loci. Analysis of worker genotypes within colonies indicated that 27 colonies (90%) were simple (Mendelian) families. The remaining three colonies, all from Kyushu, were consistent with being extended families having begun as simple families but being currently headed by multiple neotenic (secondary) reproductives descended from the original king and queen. Workers from simple families in both populations were significantly inbred (F-IT = 0.10 for Kyushu and 0.46 for Fukue) and highly related to their nest-mates (coefficient of relatedness, r = 0.59 for Kyushu and 0.77 for Fukue), suggesting that many simple-family colonies were headed by closely related reproductives, especially in the Fukue population. This conclusion is supported by the high coefficient of relatedness between nestmate reproductives in simple-family colonies (r = 0.23 for Kyushu and 0.61 for Fukue) based on genotypes inferred from their worker offspring. There was moderate genetic differentiation (F-ST = 0.12) between the two populations, suggesting rather restricted gene flow between them. There was no significant isolation by distance among colonies, as might be expected given the limited dispersal of reproductives, presumably because of the frequent movement of colonies by humans. Finally, there was no evidence of a recent bottleneck, a finding possibly consistent with the more than 300-year history of this species in Japan.