Tolerating Distress After Trauma: Differential Associations Between Distress Tolerance and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms
Tolerating Distress After Trauma: Differential Associations Between Distress Tolerance and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms
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DOI：
10.1007/s10862-014-9413-6
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Asmundson, Gordon J. G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fetzner, Mathew G.;Peluso, Daniel L.;Asmundson, Gordon J. G.
痛苦耐受力与情绪调节障碍有关，例如饮食失调和边缘性人格障碍；然而，人们对创伤后应激（PTS）背景下的痛苦耐受性的关注要少得多。应激耐受性和 PTS 之间存在一些概念上的联系。较低的痛苦耐受力可能会增加负面评价，降低个人在创伤后立即处理令人痛苦的精神症状的倾向。与此相关的是，感知到无法应对创伤相关记忆和暗示带来的痛苦可能会产生适应不良的应对策略。少数已发表的研究对痛苦耐受性与 PTS 之间的关系进行了研究，结果表明，较低的痛苦耐受性与 PTS 症状的增加有关，包括回避、过度唤醒和重新体验的增加。当前的研究试图通过检查痛苦耐受性和四种不同的 PTS 症状群之间的关系来复制和扩展新兴的经验基础，同时控制自创伤和抑郁症状出现以来的时间。结果表明，痛苦耐受力解释了重新体验和回避的显着独特差异，但不是消极情绪和过度警觉症状。参与者认可的创伤数量、抑郁症和 PTS 症状之间也存在很强的正相关关系。研究结果表明，应激耐受性与 PTS 相关，进一步支持了 PTS 与应激耐受性之间的假定关系。因此，制定旨在提高 PTS 患者痛苦耐受力的治疗方案可能会减轻症状严重程度并提高应对能力。
Distress tolerance has been implicated in disorders of emotional regulation, such as eating disorders and borderline personality disorder; however, much less attention has been given to distress tolerance in the context of posttraumatic stress (PTS). Several conceptual linkages between distress tolerance and PTS exist. Low distress tolerance may increase negative appraisals, reducing an individual's propensity to deal with distressing mental symptoms immediately after a trauma. Relatedly, a perceived inability to cope with the distress brought on by trauma-related memories and cues may engender maladaptive coping strategies. The few published studies examining the relationship between distress tolerance and PTS have demonstrated that lower distress tolerance was associated with increased PTS symptomatology, including increased avoidance, hyperarousal, and re-experiencing. The current study sought to replicate and extend the emerging empirical base by examining the relationship between distress tolerance and the four distinct PTS symptom clusters, while controlling for time since the index trauma and depressive symptoms. Results indicated that distress tolerance accounted for significant unique variance in re-experiencing and avoidance but not negative emotionality and hyperarousal symptoms. There was also a strong positive association between the number of traumas endorsed by participants, depression, and PTS symptoms. Findings suggest that distress tolerance is associated with PTS, lending further support to the putative relationship between PTS and distress tolerance. Accordingly, developing treatment protocols designed to increase distress tolerance in individuals affected by PTS may reduce symptom severity and increase coping abilities.