Effects of surface area and topography on 3D printed tricalcium phosphate scaffolds for bone grafting applications.
Effects of surface area and topography on 3D printed tricalcium phosphate scaffolds for bone grafting applications.
复制标题
表面积和形貌对用于骨移植应用的 3D 打印磷酸三钙支架的影响。
DOI：
10.1016/j.addma.2021.101870
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
11
通讯作者：
Bose,Susmita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vu,AshleyA;Burke,DestanyA;Bandyopadhyay,Amit;Bose,Susmita
生物陶瓷支架的增材制造（AM）或3D打印为患者提供了个性化的治疗选择，具有特定部位的可设计性，用于修复和重建骨缺损。虽然通过AM的进步，创建这些复杂几何形状的理论已经成为可能，但由于陶瓷固有的复杂性，这种形状的可制造性很难。陶瓷具有额外的挑战，即高度易碎，绿色（预烧结）部件的可烧结性差，使得复杂形状的高强度部件难以制造。这导致了关于创建具有独特架构的生物陶瓷支架的可行性的显著文献空白，所述生物陶瓷支架可用于位点特异性、个体化患者治疗。这项工作的目的是成功地创建复杂的地形表面的圆柱形骨样支架，以了解增加支架表面积的机械性能和体外成骨细胞增殖的相关性。成骨细胞增殖的增加和细胞附着的促进可以最终导致骨愈合的改善。这项工作探索了Innovent+ ® ExOne粘合剂喷射3D打印机内的打印参数，以从合成磷酸三钙粉末中生产支架设计。机械测试表明，与对照致密圆柱形支架相比，所设计的结构使支架抗压强度提高了30%。由于表面形貌的变化，成骨细胞增殖也增加，增加了近2倍。我们的工作结合了宏观层次的地形变化，以增加表面积，这是另一种途径，可以与其他支架功能，如孔隙率相结合。结果表明，通过3D打印进行的批量表面形貌修改可以增加表面积，以支持增强的生物反应，而不会影响机械性能。这一发现可能使未来一代的多孔支架与外部结构的进一步进展，朝着适当的缺陷特异性合成骨移植。
Additive manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, of bioceramic scaffolds promises personalized treatment options for patients with site-specific designability for repair and reconstruction of bone defects. Although the theory for creating these complex geometries has already been made possible through AM's advancement, such shapes' manufacturability is difficult due to printing with ceramics' inherent complexities. Ceramics have the added challenge of being highly brittle, poor handleability of green (pre-sintered) parts, making complex shape high strength parts challenging to manufacture. This has led to a significant literature gap regarding the feasibility of creating bioceramic scaffolds with unique architectures that can be used in site-specific, individualized patient treatment. This work aims to successfully create complex topographical surfaces of cylindrical bone-like scaffolds to understand the correlation of increasing the scaffold surface area on mechanical properties and in vitro osteoblast cell proliferation. An increase in osteoblast cell proliferation and facilitation in cellular attachment can ultimately lead to improved bone healing. This work explores the printing parameters within an Innovent+ ® ExOne binder jet 3D printer to produce scaffold designs from synthesized tricalcium phosphate powder. Mechanical testing reveals the designed structures enhance scaffold compressive strength by 30% compared to control dense cylindrical scaffolds. Osteoblast cell proliferation is also increased due to changes in surface topography with a nearly 2-fold increase. Our work incorporates macro-level topographical changes to increase surface area, which is another avenue that could be combined with other scaffold features such as porosity. Results show bulk surface topography modifications via 3D printing can increase surface area to support enhanced biological response without compromising mechanical properties. This discovery may enable a future generation of porous scaffolds with external structures for further progress towards proper defect-specific synthetic bone grafts.