Overcoming the insolubility of carbon nanotubes through high degrees of sidewall functionalization
Overcoming the insolubility of carbon nanotubes through high degrees of sidewall functionalization
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DOI：
10.1002/chem.200305534
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发表时间：
2004-02-20
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Tour, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dyke, CA;Tour, JM
由于碳纳米管的不溶性和与聚合物的不相容性，碳纳米管在材料应用中的使用已经放缓。我们最近开发了两种方案来克服碳纳米管的不溶性，方法是将大量的附加物固定在纳米管的侧壁上。这两个过程都涉及到与芳基重氮化合物的反应。首先，无溶剂官能化技术在官能化步骤中消除了对任何溶剂的需要。这提供了功能化的碳纳米管，增加了在有机溶剂中的溶解度和在聚合物混合物中的加工性。此外，无溶剂功能化过程可以大规模进行，从而为在结构材料开发等大规模应用中使用铺平了道路。第二种方法涉及碳纳米管的功能化，这些碳纳米管首先作为单独的管分散在水介质中的表面活性剂中。然后，官能化可以得到高度官能化的纳米管，这些纳米管不会重新缠绕。它们仍以个体形式存在于有机溶剂中，极大地增加了溶解度。这个协议产生了我们到目前为止获得的最高程度的官能化--纳米管上高达九个碳原子中有一个是有机加成的。对纳米管进行适当的表征和溶解度测定是非常关键的，因此，本文对这一课题进行了详细的讨论。
The use of carbon nanotubes in materials applications has been slowed due to nanotube insolubility and their incompatibility with polymers. We recently developed two protocols to overcome the insoluble nature of carbon nanotubes by affixing large amounts of addends to the nanotube sidewalls. Both processes involve reactions with aryl diazonium species. First, solvent-free functionalization techniques remove the need for any solvent during the functionalization step. This delivers functionalized carbon nanotubes with increased solubility in organic solvents and processibility in polymeric blends. Additionally, the solvent-free functionalization process can be done on large scales, thereby paving the way for use in bulk applications such as in structural materials development. The second methodology involves the functionalization of carbon nanotubes that are first dispersed as individual tubes in surfactants within aqueous media. The functionalization then ensues to afford heavily functionalized nanotubes that do not re-rope. They remain as individuals in organic solvents giving enormous increases in solubility. This protocol yields the highest degree of functionalization we have obtained thus far-up to one in nine carbon atoms on the nanotube has an organic addend. The proper characterization and solubility determinations on nanotubes are critical; therefore, this topic is discussed in detail.