Development and application of a model for calculating the risk of stem and root lodging in maize
Development and application of a model for calculating the risk of stem and root lodging in maize
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2020.108037
复制
发表时间：
2021-03-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Whyatt, J. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berry, P. M.;Baker, C. J.;Whyatt, J. D.
倒伏是提高全球玉米生产力（Zea Maize L.）的主要制约因素。本文的目的是：i) 描述玉米茎和根倒伏的模型，ii) 校准模型的锚固强度部分，iii) 通过评估模型解释作物饲养对倒伏风险影响的能力来评估模型的适用性，以及 iv) 研究进一步开发倒伏模型的潜力，以在足够早的生长阶段预测倒伏风险，以便采取战术农艺行动，以尽量减少倒伏风险。这项研究涉及英国和中国的作物科学家、风力工程师和地理空间科学家之间的多学科合作。在英国和中国进行了三项针对植物种群密度和氮肥施用量处理的田间试验，以开发和测试倒伏模型。在开花后的实验中测量了与倒伏相关的植物特征。现有的谷物锚定强度模型使用根板的扩展作为其主要输入，被证明适用于玉米并针对该作物物种进行了校准。倒伏模型对植物种群和氮肥对倒伏风险影响的预测与已发表的观察结果一致。倒伏模型计算出，在所有实验中，增加植物种群显着降低了锚固和茎杆破坏的风速，从而增加了倒伏的风险。这种效应主要是由于植物数量的增加减少了根板的扩散和茎的强度。氮肥的变化对倒伏相关的植物性状影响较小。敏感性分析表明，茎破坏风速受茎强度变化的影响最大，而根破坏风速受根板扩展变化的影响最大。这项研究表明，在第 4、6 或 8 叶阶段测量的叶面积指数是作物未来倒伏风险的良好指标，这表明该模型有可能发展成为一种实用工具，用于及时预测倒伏风险，以便在作物生长期间做出战术农艺决策。
Lodging is a major constraint to increasing the global productivity of maize (Zea Maize L.). The objectives of this paper are to: i) describe a model for stem and root lodging in maize, ii) calibrate the anchorage strength component of the model, iii) evaluate the model's applicability by assessing its capacity to explain effects of crop husbandry on lodging risk and iv) investigate the potential to further develop the lodging model to predict lodging risk at an early enough growth stage for tactical agronomic action to minimise lodging risk. The study involved a multidisciplinary collaboration between crop scientists, wind engineers and geospatial scientists in the UK and China. Three field experiments with plant population density and nitrogen (N) fertiliser rate treatments were conducted in the UK and China to develop and test the lodging model. Plant characteristics associated with lodging were measured in the experiments after flowering. An existing model of cereal anchorage strength that uses the spread of the root plate as its primary input was demonstrated to be applicable for maize and calibrated for this crop species. The lodging model's predictions of the effects of plant population and N fertiliser on lodging risk were consistent with published observations. The lodging model calculated that increasing the plant population significantly reduced the anchorage and stem failure wind speeds in all experiments, thus increasing the risk of lodging. This effect was primarily due to increased plant population reducing the spread of the root plate and the stem strength. Changes in N fertiliser had a smaller effect on the lodging associated plant characters. A sensitivity analysis showed that stem failure wind speed was influenced most by variation in stem strength and root failure wind speed was influenced most by variation in the spread of the root plate. This study has shown that the leaf area index measured at leaf 4, 6 or 8 stages is a good indicator of a crop's future risk of lodging, which demonstrates the potential to develop the model into a practical tool for predicting lodging risk in time for tactical agronomic decisions to be made during the crop's growing period.