Epidemiologic aspects of overweight and obesity in the United States
Epidemiologic aspects of overweight and obesity in the United States
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DOI：
10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.08.050
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发表时间：
2005-12-15
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Flegal, KM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Flegal, KM
来自美国的全国调查数据显示，成年人超重和肥胖的流行率在1960年至1980年的20年间保持相对稳定，在1980年代中期左右开始增加，并继续增加。基于不同定义的儿童和青少年数据显示了相同的模式，有时候，查看身体质量指数的整体分布情况比根据预先定义的截止值进行流行率估计更为有用。来自多个国家的数据表明，无论是成人还是儿童，随着时间的推移，BMI的分布都变得更加偏斜。尽管人们对肥胖率上升的原因提出了许多假设，但解决这些问题的数据却很少。尽管如此，肥胖症增加对健康的影响还没有完全阐明。糖尿病的增加与肥胖症的增加一起被注意到。另一方面，在所有BMI水平下，其他一些心血管风险因素都有所下降。预期寿命的增加和心脏病死亡率的下降似乎混淆了一些关于肥胖增加对死亡率影响的预期。肥胖对发病率的影响可能大于其对死亡率的影响。肥胖症的日益流行给研究人员和政策制定者带来了挑战。皇冠版权所有（c）2005由爱思唯尔公司出版。All rights reserved.
National survey data from the U.S. show that the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults remained relatively constant over the 20-year period from 1960 to 1980, began to increase around the mid-1980s and has continued to increase. Data for children and adolescents, based on different definitions, show the same pattern.It can sometimes be more useful to look at the whole distribution of body mass index, rather than on prevalence estimates based on pre-defined cutoffs. Data from several countries suggest that for both adults and children, the distribution of BMI has become more skewed over time. Although many hypotheses have been put forward about the causes of the increases, data to address these issues are sparse.Obesity is a well-known risk factor for numerous health conditions. Nonetheless, the health consequences of the increases in obesity have not been fully delineated. Increases in diabetes have been noted in conjunction with the rise in obesity. On the other hand, declines in some other cardiovascular risk factors have been seen at all BMI levels. Rising life expectancy and decreasing heart disease mortality rates seem to confound some of the expectations about the effects of increasing obesity on mortality. The effects of obesity on morbidity may be greater than its effects on mortality. The increasing prevalence of obesity poses challenges for researchers and for policy makers. Crown Copyright (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.