Representing statics as forces in equilibrium.
Representing statics as forces in equilibrium.
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将静力学表示为平衡力。
DOI：
10.1037//0096-3445.117.4.395
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发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cheng,JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Freyd,JJ;Pantzer,TM;Cheng,JL
静止的物体可以根据作用于它们的物理力来描述，这些力在静态场景中是平衡的。我们假设，在一个相关的方式，静态场景和对象的感知可能涉及到潜在的动态表示。在我们的第一个实验中，受试者看到一张植物放在桌子上或挂在钩子上的照片，然后是一张植物在没有支撑桌子或钩子的情况下处于相同位置的照片。受试者试图记住植物的位置，然后显示第三个显示，其中植物处于相同的位置或略高于或略低于原始位置。我们发现，与显示植物略高于原始位置的显示器相比，受试者在显示植物略低于原始位置的测试显示器中犯了更多的错误。也就是说，如果植物在真实的生活中失去了支撑物，它对先前被支撑物的位置的记忆就会发生扭曲。这种效果取决于初始显示的支持，在实验2中，我们发现没有记忆不对称时，植物最初显示没有支持。我们复制了实验1和2的结果与一个新的刺激集和实验3中的修改程序。在第四项研究中，我们尝试了一个稍微不同的稳定情况：弹簧上面有一个盒子，我们发现受试者会根据显示序列的隐含动力学预测，将弹簧错误地记忆为压缩程度更高或压缩程度更低。我们讨论我们的研究结果提出的问题，包括在静态场景中的具体性的有意识的经验源于潜在的力量的代表性的可能性。
Resting objects can be described according to the physical forces operating on them, forces that are balanced in static scenes. We hypothesized that in a related way, the perception of static scenes and objects might involve a representation of underlying dynamics. In our first experiments, subjects were shown a picture of a plant resting upon a table or hanging from a hook, followed by a picture of the plant in the same position without the supporting table or hook. Subjects attempted to remember the position of the plant and were then shown a third display, in which the plant was in the same position or was slightly above or slightly below the original position. We found that subjects made more errors for test displays showing the plant slightly below, as compared with displays showing the plant slightly above, the original position. That is, memory for the position of the previously supported object was distorted in the direction consistent with what would happen if the plant was to lose its source of support in real life. This effect depends on the initial display of support; in Experiment 2 we found no memory asymmetry when the plant was initially displayed without support. We replicated the results of Experiments 1 and 2 with a new stimulus set and modified procedure in Experiment 3. In our fourth study we experimented with a slightly different stable situation: a spring with a box on top of it. We found that subjects misremembered the spring as either more compressed or less compressed as predicted by the implied dynamics of the display sequence. We discuss issues raised by our findings, including the possibility that the conscious experience of concreteness in static scenes stems from the representation of underlying forces.