Unequal we stand: An empirical analysis of economic inequality in the United States, 1967-2006
Unequal we stand: An empirical analysis of economic inequality in the United States, 1967-2006
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DOI：
10.1016/j.red.2009.10.010
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Violante, Giovanni L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heathcote, Jonathan;Perri, Fabrizio;Violante, Giovanni L.
我们对美国的横断面不平等进行了系统的实证研究，整合了来自当前人口调查、收入动态小组研究、消费者支出调查和消费者财务调查的数据。为了理解不平等的不同维度是如何通过选择、市场和制度联系起来的，我们遵循家庭预算约束所建议的从个人工资到个人收入、到家庭收入、到可支配收入，并最终到消费和财富的映射。我们在样本期内记录了工资不平等的持续和可观的增长。工作时间分配的变化在1982年之前加剧了收入不平等的加剧，但在1982年之后减缓了这种加剧。税收和转移支付压缩了收入不平等的程度，尤其是在收入分配的底层，但对整体趋势影响不大。最后，金融市场准入限制了消费不平等的水平和增长。(C) 2009爱思唯尔公司版权所有。
We conduct a systematic empirical study of cross-sectional inequality in the United States, integrating data from the Current Population Survey, the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, the Consumer Expenditure Survey, and the Survey of Consumer Finances. In order to understand how different dimensions of inequality are related via choices, markets, and institutions, we follow the mapping suggested by the household budget constraint from individual wages to individual earnings, to household earnings, to disposable income, and, ultimately, to consumption and wealth. We document a continuous and sizable increase in wage inequality over the sample period. Changes in the distribution of hours worked sharpen the rise in earnings inequality before 1982, but mitigate its increase thereafter. Taxes and transfers compress the level of income inequality, especially at the bottom of the distribution, but have little effect on the overall trend. Finally, access to financial markets has limited both the level and growth of consumption inequality. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.