Evaluation of interface characterization and adhesion of glass ceramics to commercially pure titanium and gold alloy after thermal- and mechanical-loading
Evaluation of interface characterization and adhesion of glass ceramics to commercially pure titanium and gold alloy after thermal- and mechanical-loading
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dental.2008.07.002
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发表时间：
2009-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Kimpara, Estevao Tomomitsu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ccahuana Vasqueza, Vanessa Zulema;Ozcan, Mutlu;Kimpara, Estevao Tomomitsu
目标。本研究评价了热循环和机械循环对三种低熔点玻璃基牙科陶瓷与工业纯钛(CpTi)剪切结合强度的影响，并与传统的金合金长石陶瓷进行了比较。金属支架(直径：5min，厚度：4 mm)(n=96，n=12)分别浇铸在cpTi和金合金上，空气中的颗粒用150微米氧化铝研磨。将低熔点玻璃基陶瓷和常规长石陶瓷分别烧制到厚度为4 mm的合金上。实验分为四组：Gr1(对照组)：Vita Omega 900-Au-Pd合金；Gr2：Tiiceram-cpTi；Gr3：超级瓷钛-22-cpTi；G4：Vita钛合金。每种陶瓷-金属组合中有一半的试件在不老化的情况下进行随机测试(仅在37℃水中储存24小时)，另一半先进行热循环(6000个循环，5~55℃，保持时间：13 S)，然后进行机械加载(SON负载下20,000个循环，37 C蒸馏水浸泡)。在万能试验机上(十字头速度：0.5 mm/min)对陶瓷-合金界面进行剪切加载，直到发生破坏-红色。记录失效类型，并用体视显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察各组代表性骨折标本的界面。在另一项研究中(N=16，每组n=2)，对陶瓷-合金界面进行能量色散X射线光谱分析(EDS)。数据分析采用方差分析和Tukey‘s检验。陶瓷-金属组合(p<；0.001)和老化条件(p<；0,001)对平均结合强度值有显著影响。与非老年组(分别为42.9+/-8.9和42.4+/-5.2)相比，热循环和机械循环显著降低了Gr3(33.4+/-4.2)和GR4(32.1+/-4.8)的粘结强度。GR1不受老化条件的显著影响(对照组为61.3+/-8.4，衰老后为60.7+/-13.7)(p>；0.05)。体视显微镜图像仅显示不透明陶瓷-cpTi界面区的粘结失效类型，基板表面没有陶瓷存在，但在组2-4中有可见的深色氧化钛涂层，但Gr1组可见粘结剂陶瓷的残留。EDS分析表明，除超级瓷Ti-22中含有少量的Ba(1.4-8.3%)、S(0.7%)和锡(35.3%)外，其余各组分界面区主要为34.5-85.1%的O-2，1.1-36.7%的AlN和0-36.3%的Si。在Au-Pd合金-陶瓷界面上，O~(-2)含量为56.4~69.9%，其次为15.6~26.2%Si、3.9~10.9%K、2.8~6%Na、4.4~9.6%Al和0~0.04%Mg。与Au-Pd合金-Vita Omega 900组合的平均结合强度相比，经6000次热循环和20,000次机械循环后，Triceram-cpTi组合的平均结合强度下降最小。(C)2008年牙科材料学会。爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Objectives. This study evaluated the effect of thermal- and mechanical-cycling on the shear bond strength of three low-fusing glassy matrix dental ceramics to commercial pure titanium (cpTi) when compared to conventional feldspathic ceramic fused to gold alloy.Methods. Metallic frameworks (diameter: 5 min, thickness: 4 mm) (N = 96, n = 12 per group) were cast in cpTi and gold alloy, airborne particle abraded with 150 mu m aluminum oxide. Low-fusing glassy matrix ceramics and a conventional feldspathic ceramic were fired onto the alloys (thickness: 4mm). Four experimental groups were formed; Gr1 (control group): Vita Omega 900-Au-Pd alloy; Gr2: Ticeram-cpTi; Gr3: Super Porcelain Ti-22-cpTi and G4: Vita Titankeramik-cpTi. While half of the specimens from each ceramic-metal combination were randomly tested without aging (water storage at 37 C for 24h only), the other half were first thermocycled (6000 cycles, between 5 and 55 C, dwell time: 13 s) and then mechanically loaded (20,000 cycles under SON load, immersion in distilled water at 37 C). The ceramic-alloy interfaces were loaded under shear in a universal test machine (cross-head speed: 0.5 mm/min) until failure occur-red. Failure types were noted and the interfaces of the representative fractured specimens from each group were examined with stereo microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). in an additional study (N = 16, n = 2 per group), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis was performed from ceramic-alloy interfaces. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test.Results. Both ceramic-metal combinations (p < 0.001) and aging conditions (p < 0,001) significantly affected the mean bond strength values. Thermal- and mechanical-cycling decreased the bond strength (MPa) results significantly for Gr3 (33.4 +/- 4.2) and Gr4 (32.1 +/- 4.8) when compared to the non-aged groups (42.9 +/- 8.9, 42.4 +/- 5.2, respectively). Gr1 was not affected significantly from aging conditions (61.3 +/- 8.4 for control, 60.7 +/- 13.7 after aging) (p > 0.05). Stereomicroscope images showed exclusively adhesive failure types at the opaque ceramic-cpTi interfacial zone with no presence of ceramic on the substrate surface but with a visible dark titanium oxide layer in Groups 2-4 except Gr1 where remnants of bonder ceramic was visible. EDS analysis from the interfacial zone for cpTi-ceramic groups showed predominantly 34.5-85.1% O-2 followed by 1.1-36.7% Aland 0-36.3% Si except for Super Porcelain Ti-22 where a small quantity of Ba (1.4-8.3%), S (0.7%) and Sn (35.3%) was found. In the Au-Pd alloy-ceramic interface, 56.4-69.9% O-2 followed by 15.6-26.2% Si, 3.9-10.9% K, 2.8-6% Na, 4.4-9.6% Al and 0-0.04% Mg was observed.Significance. After thermal-cycling for 6000 times and mechanical-cycling for 20,000 times, Triceram-cpTi combination presented the least decrease among other ceramic-alloy combinations when compared to the mean bond strength results with Au-Pd alloy-Vita Omega 900 combination. (c) 2008 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.