Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree
Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree
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DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2009.0948
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发表时间：
2010-06-23
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Cavalier-Smith, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cavalier-Smith, Thomas
讨论了真核生物的深层进化，并根据多基因树对真核生物的基础界原生动物和衍生界染色虫进行了重新分类。我把以前的原生动物Heliozoa和infrakingdomes Alveolata和Rhizaria转移到Chromista中，Chromista是植物界的姐妹，可以说起源于绿色藻类和红色藻类细胞的协同双重内部奴役。我为扩大的克罗米斯塔建立了新的亚王国（哈罗萨;哈克罗比亚）。原生动物门眼虫动物与其他真核生物在其核基因组组织（反式剪接多顺反子转录本）、线粒体DNA组织、细胞色素c型生物发生、细胞结构以及可以说是原始的线粒体蛋白质输入和核DNA预复制机制方面有很大不同。类细菌缺乏线粒体外膜通道Tom 40和DNA复制起点识别复合物从锥虫眼虫根眼虫和所有其他真核生物（新核生物）之间的真核树，或在眼虫。鉴于其独特的性能，我隔离裸藻从infrakingdom挖出（现在只包括门Percolozoa，Loukozoa，Metamonada），分组infrakingdom裸藻和挖出作为祖先原生动物亚界Eozoa。我把浮游动物门归入原生动物肉鞭毛虫亚界。澄清早期真核生物的进化需要深入研究区分裸藻动物和新核动物以及始生动物和新生动物的特性（除始生动物外的真核生物;祖先由血红素裂解酶定义）。
I discuss eukaryotic deep phylogeny and reclassify the basal eukaryotic kingdom Protozoa and derived kingdom Chromista in the light of multigene trees. I transfer the formerly protozoan Heliozoa and infrakingdoms Alveolata and Rhizaria into Chromista, which is sister to kingdom Plantae and arguably originated by synergistic double internal enslavement of green algal and red algal cells. I establish new subkingdoms (Harosa; Hacrobia) for the expanded Chromista. The protozoan phylum Euglenozoa differs immensely from other eukaryotes in its nuclear genome organization (trans-spliced multicistronic transcripts), mitochondrial DNA organization, cytochrome c-type biogenesis, cell structure and arguably primitive mitochondrial protein-import and nuclear DNA prereplication machineries. The bacteria-like absence of mitochondrial outer-membrane channel Tom40 and DNA replication origin-recognition complexes from trypanosomatid Euglenozoa roots the eukaryotic tree between Euglenozoa and all other eukaryotes (neokaryotes), or within Euglenozoa. Given their unique properties, I segregate Euglenozoa from infrakingdom Excavata (now comprising only phyla Percolozoa, Loukozoa, Metamonada), grouping infrakingdoms Euglenozoa and Excavata as the ancestral protozoan subkingdom Eozoa. I place phylum Apusozoa within the derived protozoan subkingdom Sarcomastigota. Clarifying early eukaryote evolution requires intensive study of properties distinguishing Euglenozoa from neokaryotes and Eozoa from neozoa (eukaryotes except Eozoa; ancestrally defined by haem lyase).