'If someone donates $1000, they support you. If they donate $100 000, they have bought you'. Mixed methods study of tobacco, alcohol and gambling industry donations to Australian political parties
'If someone donates $1000, they support you. If they donate $100 000, they have bought you'. Mixed methods study of tobacco, alcohol and gambling industry donations to Australian political parties
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DOI：
10.1111/dar.12878
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Miller, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kypri, Kypros;McCambridge, Jim;Miller, Peter
背景和目的商业公司利用政治捐款来获得政治影响力，在涉及损害人类健康的产品时尤其令人不安。我们试图调查烟草，酒精和赌博行业参与者向澳大利亚政党捐款的模式以及关键线人的经验。设计和方法我们分析了截至2015年6月的10年联邦和州捐赠的公共数据。我们对现任和前任政治家，前政治工作人员和其他关键线人进行了28次半结构化访谈，内容涉及烟草，酒精和赌博公司在澳大利亚政治中的政治捐款所扮演的角色。我们研究了捐赠数据中的时间关联，并按主题分析了访谈。澳大利亚各政党申报的捐款为1400万澳元（1100万美元），来自烟草（190万澳元）、酒精（770万澳元）、赌博（290万澳元）和超市（170万澳元）实体，不包括低于12800澳元报告门槛的捐款。在关于酒精税和赌博法改革的辩论中，对执政党的捐款大幅增加。在选举前，酒精行业对主要政党的捐款激增。受访者认为，捐赠的功能是：㈠购买直接影响力; ㈡建立长期关系; ㈢利用有缺陷的政治制度; ㈣需要超越捐赠，例如，支持交换;以及公众有权了解公司对决策者的影响。讨论和结论酒精和赌博行业作出大量的捐赠，以影响特定的决定，在短期内，并建立长期的关系。禁止公司捐款和公共资助政党值得考虑，以维护公共决策的完整性。
Background and Aims Business corporations' use of political donations to garner political influence is especially troubling in relation to products that damage human health. We sought to investigate patterns of donations to Australian political parties from tobacco, alcohol and gambling industry actors and the experiences of key informants. Design and Methods We analysed public data on federal and state donations for 10 years to June 2015. We conducted 28 semi-structured interviews with current and former politicians, ex-political staffers and other key informants, concerning the role played by political donations of tobacco, alcohol and gambling companies in Australian politics. We examined temporal associations in donations data, and thematically analysed interviews. Results Australian political parties declared donations of A$14 million (US$11 M) from tobacco ($1.9 M), alcohol ($7.7 M), gambling ($2.9 M) and supermarket ($1.7 M) entities, excluding donations below the $12 800 reporting threshold. Donations to the governing party increased substantially during debates about an alcohol tax and gambling law reform. Alcohol industry donations to major parties spiked ahead of elections. Interviewees identified the function of donations in terms of: (i) buying immediate influence; (ii) building long-term relationships; (iii) exploiting a flawed political system; and (iv) the need to look beyond donations, for example, to favour exchange; and the public's right to know about corporate influence on policy-makers. Discussion and Conclusions The alcohol and gambling industries make substantial donations to influence particular decisions in the short term and build relationships over the long term. Banning corporate donations and publicly funding political parties warrant consideration to safeguard the integrity of public policy-making.