Interarticulatory Coordination: Speech Sounds

Interarticulatory Coordination: Speech Sounds
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关节间协调:语音

DOI:
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发表时间:
2015
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影响因子:
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通讯作者:
M. Pouplier
M. Pouplier
中科院分区:
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文献类型:
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作者:
P. Hoole;M. Pouplier

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可能不存在仅涉及声道的单个器官的言语。因此,从某种意义上说,要全面覆盖发音间协调这一主题,就需要全面覆盖语音产生,因此在本章开头概述我们打算如何定义可管理比例的任务非常重要。考虑 Catford (2001) 定义的三个过程:起始、发声和发音,我们将重点关注发音,定义为改变气流的过程。因此,我们不会讨论呼吸和发声活动的协调等领域,也不会讨论非肺启动所需的协调运动模式。然而,我们将专门用一节来讨论喉-口协调,其中我们将发声和清音之间的交替视为喉部的发音行为。清晰度的一个基本区别是时间和空间方面的区别。我们将首先关注关节间协调的时间方面。空间方面,即多个发音器官如何协作以实现某些功能目标,Perrier 和 Fuchs 在本卷第 11 章中以运动等效为标题进行了讨论,运动等效是语音运动控制中的一个关键理论问题。即使从时间的角度来看,我们也不会尝试涵盖一大领域,即与协同发音相关的时间问题。协同发音必然涉及发音协调的问题。例如,当研究预期唇音协同发音的程度时,某些声音发音中嘴唇的活动必须及时参考某些其他言语器官的活动,或者可能参考某些声学目标。由于对协同发音的良好评论很容易获得,并且对该主题的全面报道将涉及大量声学研究的讨论,因此我们建议读者参考相关来源(例如,Farnetani 和 Recasens 2010)。 7 关节间协调语音
There is probably no speech utterance that involves only a single organ of the vocal tract. In a sense, full coverage of the topic of interarticulatory coordination therefore requires coverage of speech production in its entirety, and it is important at the beginning of this chapter to outline how we intend to define a task of manageable proportions. Thinking in terms of the three processes defined by Catford (2001), initiation, phonation, and articulation, we will focus on articulation, defined as the process of modifying an airstream. So we will not go into areas such as the coordination of respiratory and phonatory activity, nor the patterns of coordinated movement that are required for non‐pulmonic initiation. We will, however, be devoting a section to laryngeal‐oral coordination in which we treat the alternation between voicing and voicelessness as articulatory behavior of the larynx. A basic distinction in articulation is that between temporal and spatial aspects. We will be looking at interarticulatory coordination above all in its temporal aspects. Spatial aspects, namely how multiple articulators collaborate to achieve some functional goal, are dealt with by Perrier and Fuchs in Chapter 11 of this volume under the title of motor equivalence, a key theoretical issue in speech motor control. Even from the temporal point of view, we will not attempt to cover one big area, namely timing issues with respect to coarticulation. Coarticulation necessarily involves issues of interarticulatory coordination. For example, when investigating the extent of anticipatory labial coarticulation, the activity of the lips in the articulation of some sound must be referenced in time to the activity of some other speech organ, or perhaps to some acoustic goal. Since good reviews of coarticulation are readily available, and full coverage of this topic would involve discussion of a multitude of acoustic studies, we refer the reader to the relevant sources (e.g., Farnetani and Recasens 2010). 7 Interarticulatory Coordination Speech Sounds
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