Rationale and design of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension trial (DASH): A multicenter controlled-feeding study of dietary patterns to lower blood pressure
Rationale and design of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension trial (DASH): A multicenter controlled-feeding study of dietary patterns to lower blood pressure
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DOI：
10.1016/1047-2797(94)00055-x
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发表时间：
1995-01-01
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Moore, Thomas J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sacks, Frank M.;Obarzanek, Eva;Moore, Thomas J.
流行病学研究发现，以大量摄入某些矿物质和纤维为特征的饮食模式与低血压有关。饮食方法控制高血压（DASH）是一项多中心、随机、对照喂养试验，旨在测试两种饮食模式在8周内对血压的影响。这两种试验饲粮将相互比较，并与对照饲粮模式进行比较，对照饲粮模式的钾、镁、钙和纤维含量相对较低，脂肪和蛋白质含量与美国目前的饮食习惯相符。第一个实验饮食，可以说是“理想”饮食，富含水果、蔬菜、全谷类食品、低脂乳制品、鱼、鸡和瘦肉，旨在降低饱和脂肪和胆固醇的含量；蛋白质含量适中；富含矿物质和纤维。第二个实验饮食只测试水果和蔬菜的效果。它的钾、镁和膳食纤维含量将与理想的饮食模式保持相同的高水平，而它的脂肪、蛋白质和钙含量将与控制饮食模式相似。研究人群将包括456名健康男性和女性，年龄在22岁或以上，收缩压小于160毫米汞柱，舒张压80 - 95毫米汞柱。非裔美国人和其他少数群体将占人口的67%。参与者将食用三种饮食模式中的一种。DASH试验具有独特的特点。首先，正在测试的是饮食模式，而不是单一的营养素。其次，所有实验饮食的食物都是通过标准化的多中心方案提供给参与者的。由于饮食模式是由常见的食物组成的，如果结果是积极的，就可以方便地在向公众推荐的饮食中实施。
Epidemiologic studies have found that dietary patterns characterized by high intakes of certain minerals and fiber are associated with low blood pressure. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) is a multicenter, randomized, controlled-feeding trial designed to test the effects on blood pressure of two such dietary patterns consumed for 8 weeks. The two experimental diets will be compared with each other and with a control dietary pattern that is relatively low in potassium, magnesium, calcium, and fiber, and has a fat and protein profile mirroring current US consumption. The first experimental diet, arguably termed "ideal," is high in fruits, vegetables, whole cereal products, low-fat dairy products, fish, chicken, and lean meats designed to be low in saturated fat and cholesterol; moderately high in protein; and high in minerals and fiber. The second experimental diet tests the effect of fruits and vegetables alone. Its potassium, magnesium, and dietary fiber content will be at the same high levels as the ideal dietary pattern, while its fat, protein, and calcium content will resemble that of the control dietary pattern. The study population will consist of 456 healthy men and women, aged 22 years or older, with systolic blood pressure less than 160 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure 80 to 95 mm Hg. African-American and other minority groups will comprise 67% of the population. Participants will eat one of the three dietary patterns. The DASH trial has unique features. First, dietary patterns rather than single nutrients are being tested. Second, all food for the experimental diets is provided to the participants using a standardized multicenter protocol. Because the dietary patterns are constructed with commonly consumed food items, the results, if positive, may be conveniently implemented in dietary recommendations to the general public.