GPS analyses of the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake
GPS analyses of the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake
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DOI：
10.1029/2005eo090001
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发表时间：
2005-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Khan;Ó. Gudmundsson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Khan;Ó. Gudmundsson
2004 年 12 月 26 日发生的印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛地震是历史上最具破坏性的地震之一。这次地震的震级为 Mw = 9.3（根据 Stein 和 Okal 的常模振幅修正，http://www.earth.northwestern.edu/people/seth/research/sumatra.html），是自 1900 年以来有记录的第二大地震。它发生在距苏门答腊岛北部西海岸约 100 公里处，那里的地震相对密集。 印澳板块移动到较轻的缅甸板块下方，导致应力积累。两个板的平均相对速度约为 6 厘米/年。然而，2004年12月26日，两块板块移动了几米的距离，释放了数百年积累的应力。结果是一场毁灭性的海啸袭击了印度洋海岸线，造成印度尼西亚、斯里兰卡、印度、泰国、缅甸、马来西亚、索马里和其他国家约 30 万人死亡（《卫报》，2005 年 1 月 29 日， http://www.guardian.co.uk/tsunami/story/0,15671,1380895,00.html）。
The Sumatra, Indonesia, earthquake on 26 December 2004 was one of the most devastating earthquakes in history. With a magnitude of Mw = 9.3 (revised based on normal-mode amplitudes by Stein and Okal, http://www.earth.northwestern.edu/people/seth/research/sumatra.html), it is the second largest earthquake recorded since 1900. It occurred about 100 km off the west coast of northern Sumatra, where the relatively dense Indo-Australian plate moves beneath the lighter Burma plate, resulting in stress accumulation. The average relative velocity of the two plates is about 6 cm/yr. On 26 December 2004, however, the two plates moved by a distance of several meters, releasing the stress accumulated over hundreds of years. The result was a devastating tsunami that hit coastlines across the Indian Ocean, killing about 300,000 people in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Burma, Malaysia, Somalia, and other countries (Guardian, 29 January 2005, http://www.guardian.co.uk/tsunami/story/0,15671,1380895,00.html).