Crop production in the USA is frequently limited by a lack of pollinators
Crop production in the USA is frequently limited by a lack of pollinators
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2020.0922
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发表时间：
2020-07-29
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Winfree, R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reilly, J. R.;Artz, D. R.;Winfree, R.
世界上大多数作物依赖传粉媒介，因此管理蜜蜂和野生蜜蜂的减少引起了人们对粮食安全的担忧。然而，人们对昆虫授粉在多大程度上限制了目前的作物产量知之甚少，就像野生物种（与管理蜜蜂相反）在作物授粉方面的作用一样，特别是在集约化生产地区。我们建立了一项全国性的研究，以评估位于美国主要作物产区131个地点的7种作物的传粉者限制程度。我们发现，7种作物中有5种存在传粉者限制的证据。野生蜜蜂和蜜蜂为大多数作物提供了相当数量的授粉，即使在农业密集地区也是如此。我们估计，我们研究的七种作物的野生传粉媒介在全国的年产值超过15亿美元；野生蜜蜂对所有依赖传粉者的作物授粉的价值将会大得多。我们的研究结果表明，传粉媒介的减少可以直接转化为大多数研究作物的产量或产量下降，并且野生物种对主要作物产区的大多数研究作物的传粉有很大贡献。
Most of the world's crops depend on pollinators, so declines in both managed and wild bees raise concerns about food security. However, the degree to which insect pollination is actually limiting current crop production is poorly understood, as is the role of wild species (as opposed to managed honeybees) in pollinating crops, particularly in intensive production areas. We established a nationwide study to assess the extent of pollinator limitation in seven crops at 131 locations situated across major crop-producing areas of the USA. We found that five out of seven crops showed evidence of pollinator limitation. Wild bees and honeybees provided comparable amounts of pollination for most crops, even in agriculturally intensive regions. We estimated the nationwide annual production value of wild pollinators to the seven crops we studied at over $1.5 billion; the value of wild bee pollination of all pollinator-dependent crops would be much greater. Our findings show that pollinator declines could translate directly into decreased yields or production for most of the crops studied, and that wild species contribute substantially to pollination of most study crops in major crop-producing regions.