Towards a Cognitive and Neurobiological Model of Motivated Forgetting
Towards a Cognitive and Neurobiological Model of Motivated Forgetting
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4614-1195-6_3
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Huddleston, Ean
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anderson, Michael C.;Huddleston, Ean
从历史上看，关于遗忘的研究一直被这样的假设所主导，即遗忘是被动的，反映了环境的衰退、干扰和变化。这种强调源于一种普遍的假设，即遗忘是一种消极的结果。在这里，我们提出了一种关于遗忘的功能性观点，其中记忆中的经历的命运既取决于决定注意力焦点的动机力量，也取决于被动因素。动机性遗忘的一个核心工具是检索抑制，这是人们通过关闭情景检索来控制意识的过程。我们回顾了行为、神经生物学和临床研究，发现检索抑制会导致我们忘记被压抑的经历。我们讨论了开发该模型所需解决的关键问题、与其他遗忘现象的关系以及这项研究对理解恢复记忆的影响。这项工作为理解动机力量如何影响我们对生活经历的记忆奠定了基础。
Historically, research on forgetting has been dominated by the assumption that forgetting is passive, reflecting decay, interference, and changes in context. This emphasis arises from the pervasive assumption that forgetting is a negative outcome. Here, we present a functional view of forgetting in which the fate of experience in memory is determined as much by motivational forces that dictate the focus of attention as it is by passive factors. A central tool of motivated forgetting is retrieval suppression, a process whereby people shut down episodic retrieval to control awareness. We review behavioral, neurobiological, and clinical research and show that retrieval suppression leads us to forget suppressed experiences. We discuss key questions necessary to address to develop this model, relationships to other forgetting phenomena, and the implications of this research for understanding recovered memories. This work provides a foundation for understanding how motivational forces influence what we remember of life experience.