MicroRNA-143 and-145 in colon cancer
MicroRNA-143 and-145 in colon cancer
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DOI：
10.1089/dna.2006.0550
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发表时间：
2007-05-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Naoe, Tomoki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Akao, Yukihiro;Nakagawa, Yoshihito;Naoe, Tomoki
microRNA（miRNAs）是一种内源性的小分子非编码RNA（20-22个核苷酸），通过与靶信使RNA的非翻译区碱基配对，在翻译水平上负调控基因表达。在人类中已经鉴定出超过400种miRNAs，并且从植物到动物都是进化保守的。研究表明，miRNAs参与调控多种生物学过程，如发育、细胞分化、细胞增殖和细胞死亡。据预测，30%的蛋白质编码基因由miRNA调控。已经在癌症中发现了miRNA的不适当表达。特别是，由于染色体畸变，在癌症中起抗癌基因作用的miRNA的表达水平经常降低。此外，由于miRNA的加工已经被表征为本质上是酶促的，因此miRNA的表达水平与这些酶的活性和水平密切相关。本文就miRNA的生物发生、miRNA的生物网络及其在肿瘤发生中的作用等方面的最新研究进展进行综述。进一步探讨miRNA-143和-145在结肠癌中的表达及其在结肠癌发生中的作用。现有的数据表明，miRNAs作为诊断和治疗工具将是潜在有用的。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small non-coding RNAs (20-22 nucleotides) that negatively regulate gene expression at the translational level by base pairing to the 30 untranslated region of target messenger RNAs. More than 400 miRNAs have been identified in humans and are evolutionally conserved from plants to animals. It has been revealed that miRNAs regulate various biological processes, such as development, cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and cell death. It is predicted that 30% of protein-encoding genes are regulated by miRNAs. Inappropriate expression of miRNAs has been found in cancer. Especially, the expression level of miRNAs that act like anti-oncogenes is frequently reduced in cancers because of chromosome aberrations. In addition, since the processing of miRNAs has been characterized to be enzymatic in nature, the expression levels of miRNAs are closely associated with the activity and levels of such enzymes. In this review, we discuss recent remarkable advances in miRNA biogenesis, bio-networking involving miRNAs, and their roles in carcinogenesis. Further, we discuss the expression of miRNA-143 and -145 in colon cancer and their roles in carcinogenesis. The available data suggest that miRNAs would be potentially useful as diagnostic and therapeutic tools.